1. Monday 10/19/15
AIM: how do the parts of the compound light microscope work?
DO NOW: Observe the picture displayed and label the parts of the compound light microscope
HOMEWORK: BRING UPCO BOOK TO CLASS
Textbook read
Answer the following:
1- What is the function of the diaphragm?
2- What is a wet mount?
3- Explain how to make a wet mount.

3. How should you carry the microscope?

4. Rules of using a microscope
Always carry with 2 hands
Only use lens paper for cleaning
Do not force knobs
Always store covered
Be careful of the cords

5. Parts of a microscope Eyepiece
Contains the lens and magnifies the image for the viewer

6. Parts of a microscope Body tube
Tube extending from eyepiece to the objectives

7. Parts of a microscope Nosepiece
Revolving circular structure containing the objectives

8. Parts of a microscope Objectives Low power (short) High power (long)
Lens that receives light from object to form a magnified image that you view through the eyepiece

9. Parts of a microscope Arm
Part of the microscope that is used for carrying

10. Parts of a microscope
Stage
Surface on which the slide is placed

11. Parts of a microscope
Stage clips
Used to hold the slide on the stage

12. Parts of a microscope Diaphragm
Controls the amount of light that passes up through the bottom of the stage

13. Parts of a microscope Coarse and fine adjustment knobs
Used for focusing the microscope at different objectives

14. Parts of a microscope Light source
Provides a steady stream of light that passes up through the bottom of the stage
Light source

15. Parts of a microscope
Supports the microscope
Base

17. How to use a microscope Place the slide on the stage
Use stage clips to secure slide
Adjust nosepiece to lowest setting
(Lowest = shortest objective)
Look into eyepiece
Use coarse focus knob

19. Assessment
Choose two parts give the number, name and its function

20. Tuesday 10/21/15
AIM: How do the properties of the compound light microscope change when we change objective lenses?
DO NOW: Observe the picture. Give the number and name the parts that magnify the image.
Homework: UPCO read pg 51-52:The Compound Light Microscope Answer questions 1-6 on pages 53-54

21. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

22. Important Characteristics of Microscopes
1. Magnification :
how many times the image is enlarged
on a compound microscope total magnification
= mag of ocular X mag of objective used
UPCO pg 55

23. Magnification of a Dime

24. Magnification
Unless you are told otherwise, the magnification of the ocular lense is always 10X
Total magnification of an image viewed can be calculated
Magnification of the ocular lens x magnification of the objective lens being used

26. Total Magnification
Low power
Medium power
High power

27. Microscope
How would you determine total magnification on this microscope?

28. What is the power of an objective being used if the total magnification is 150?

29. Wednesday 10/22/15
AIM: How does the image look under a compound light microscope?
DO NOW: 1-List the six properties of the compound light microscope.
2-Describe each image below. HOMEWORK: UPCO
Read pg 53
E. Staining
answer q 1&2
on pg 53

30. What are the six properties of the compound light microscope?

31. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

32. 2. Field of view the area you can see on the slide
as magnification increases field of view decreases

33. What happens to the field of view as magnification increases?

34. 2- Field of view

35. Magnification and field of view
As magnification increases, we are zooming in on the specimen
This causes field of view to decrease
So you see less area but with greater detail.

36. 3. Resolution or Resolving Power
ability to see details
Ability to determine 2 points as being separate
depends mainly on magnification,
also depends on proper focusing and lighting
As we increase magnification, we increase resolution

37. Resolution
Resolution = Sharpness

38. 3- Resolution

40. 4. Depth of field thickness of the zone that is in focus
as magnification increases depth of field
decreases

41. Thursday 10/22/15
AIM: how do the parts of the microscope help us to investigate the unseen world?
DO NOW:
Homework: Textbook page 583:
1-Why would you stain a slide?
2- What type of stains are used?
3- How do you add stain to a slide?

42. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

43. 5. Brightness decreases Adjust the diaphragm as needed
as magnification increases, brightness
decreases
Adjust the diaphragm as needed
High power needs larger diaphragm opening

44. Diaphragm or iris diaphragm
Located underneath the stage
Metal disk
Different sized holes
Regulates the amount of light that enters the slide
Smaller holes= less light
Larger holes= more light

45. 6. Orientation e e position of the image
compound microscopes flips image upside down and backwards
Image moves in the opposite direction as you move it
If you physically move the slide up it looks like it is moving down
If you physically move it left it looks like it is moving right
Slide position Image e e

46. In order to center this object, in what direction should you move the slide?

47. How can you determine which parts of an image are on the top of the specimen.

48. In order to center this object, in what direction should you move the slide?

49. Steps to view a slide 1-Start with the low power objective
2- Adjust diaphragm
3- Use the coarse adjustment to focus the image
4- Make sure the image is centered
5- Switch to the high power objective
6- Adjust diaphragm
7- Use the fine adjustment to focus detail

50. Searching Always start your search at low power because:
field of view is much larger
depth of field is thicker

51. Centering 1. To center an object, move the slide:
in the opposite direction that you want the image to move in.
2. Always center at low before switching to high power because:
*If you don’t the object will not be within high power field of view.

52. Friday 10/23/15 AIM: how do we prepare a wet mount slide?
DO NOW: Why is it important to center an image before switching from low to high power?
How should the diaphragm be changed when we switch from low to high power?
HOMEWORK: In your own words, explain how the diaphragm needs to be changed when you switch from high to low power

53. How is a prepared slide different from a wet mount slide?

54. Wet Mount Image What do you notice about the angle?
Why is this important?

55. Making a wet mount slide
1- Collect sample from a container
2- add the specimen to your slide
3- Diagonally place coverslip over your sample
What angle should you drop the coverslip?
Why do you diagonally drop the coverslip?

57. Prepared slide = permanent

58. What do you think about staining?
Unstained Cheek Cells vs.. Stained Cheek Cells

59. Staining
Stains are used to highlight specific features of cell structure
Some stains may damage or kill the cells that absorb them.
Some stains cause changes in the structure
of the cell
Methylene blue and Lugol’s Iodine Solution are frequently used to stain cells

61. How to Add Stain to An Existing Wet Mount Slide
1. Place a drop of stain on the slide near one end of the cover slip
2. Place a piece of absorbent paper at the opposite end of the cover slip
3. The paper will absorb water from underneath the cover slip and the stain will move under the cover slip to replace the water.

62. Adding Stain to Existing Wet Mount

63. AIM: what are some of the properties of the compound light microscope?
DO NOW: 1- take out your handouts and your tables from last week
2- Explain the difference between the light and electron microscope
Homework: Textbook Review pages Explain how you would fix a slide that is unclear. If the slide is blurry what are you going to do to fix it?

64. AIM: How does the image change when I change objectives of the compound light microscope?
DO NOW: 1- Explain what happens to the field of view and resolution when I switch from high to low power.
Homework: Have fun be safe and careful

65. Microdissection
Using specialized tools to perform “microsurgery” on cells, while they are being observed through a microscope
Can be used to:
remove the nucleus from a cell
inject materials into a cell
reconnect portions of damaged cells
reconnect nerves, blood vessels, muscles and tendons after an injury
collect eggs from a woman’s ovary

66. Zygote & Early Embryo stage (wheat)
Microdissection
Zygote & Early Embryo stage (wheat)

67. Onion Cells 100x x

68. Stained Onion Cell

69. Monday 10/6/14 AIM: What are the different types of microscopes?
DO NOW: What is another name for the ocular lens and what is its function?
Homework: Textbook read pages Explain the function of the diaphragm. Explain the proper handling of the microscope

70. What are some things learned by the development of the microscope?
The microscope has allowed us to view things that we can not see with our naked eye:
EX: cells, bacteria, virus’, DNA, cell parts, algae, protozoa, bacteria, fungus

71. In your notebooks draw the letter K how you see it and then how it would be seen under the compound light microscope K

72. The compound light microscope

73. Types of Microscopes Light Microscopes Electron Microscopes
Simple or compound
Electron Microscopes
Scanning or transmission
Dissecting Microscopes

74. Properties of ANY microscope
Simple: one magnifying lense
Compound: two magnifying lenses
Monocular: one eyepiece
Binocular: two eyepieces

75. Simple vs Compound Microscope

76. Monocular vs Binocular

77. Development of Microscopes
Simple light microscopes 
Compound light microscopes 
Compound electron microscopes
As microscope technology improved new discoveries were made about cell structure

78. Electron Microscopes Most modern microscopes
Use a beam of electrons to make the object extremely bright
Extremely high magnifications are possible up to 1,000,000x
Used to see extremely small details within a cell, can’t see a complete cell

79. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Scans the surface of a specimen with a beam of electrons
Creates a 3d image
Magnify up to 200,000 times

80. Scanning Electron Microscope

81. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Beam of electrons transmits through the entire specimen
If electrons can pass through the specimen it creates a light and dark image
Thicker parts of the specimen are darker than thinner parts
Total magnification is 1,000,000 x

82. Transmission Electron Microscope

83. Tuesday 10/7/14
AIM: How does the compound light microscope magnify an image?
DO NOW: In your own words explain the difference of the image created by an SEM and a TEM.
HOMEWORK: Textbook page how do you determine the total magnification of an image?

84. Dissecting Microscope
A simple, binocular, light microscope
Low magnification about 4 X
Does not flip image
Good for seeing 3 dimensional features
Used during dissections and to see fairly large, opaque (non-transparent) objects

85. Dissecting Microscope

86. Light Microscopes Use normal visible light to see the object
Magnification is limited because:
Increases in magnification reduce the brightness of the image
Living materials can be observed
Maximum Mag = 400X – 500x

88. Which microscope produced these images?
Picture A
Picture B
Picture C