1. First two or three years of development Physical capability of learning language Language learning environment – caregiver speech Chapter 14 - First language acquisition1

2. 2  Babbling, cooing stage  Holophrastic stage - first words (one or two)  Telegraphic stage – two-three word phrases  Simple sentences stage  Longer, more complex sentences

3. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition3

4. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition4  Anatomy of infant vocal tract  Speech perception  Stages of vocal development  Phonation stage (0 – 2 months)  Primitive articulation stage (1 to 4 months)  Expansion stage (3 to 8 months)  Canonical stage (5 to 10 months)  Meaningful utterances  Cross-linguistic considerations

5. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition5  Preschool age ◦ n, m, p, b, h, k, g, f, w, j, t, d ◦ s, z, l, r, ∫(sh), t ∫(ch) ◦ v, ð θ (th), dʒ (J)  School age – develop morphophonemic knowledge, changes in sound produce changes in meaning; all sounds mastered around age 8  Adolescence – produce all sounds on native language

6. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition6  Overgeneralizations  Sentence constituents  Mean length of utterance  Transformational occurrences ◦ Interrogative – forming questions ◦ Negation – forming negatives ◦ Active vs passive  Compound and complex sentences  Cross linguistic considerations

7. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition7  Preschool age ◦ Mean length of utterance  Single word (1 yr. +), first grammatical morphemes (2 yrs. +), simple sentences (2½ yrs +); more complex sentences (3 yrs.+); complex sentences containing conjoined clauses (4 yrs. +)  School age ◦ Inflectional prefixes ◦ Derivational suffixes ◦ Comparatives ◦ Mass and count nouns  Adolescence ◦ Refinement of oral and written language ◦ Metalinguistic knowledge of language

8. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition8  Preschool age ◦ Early sentence development ◦ Later sentence development  School age ◦ Pronouns, verb forms, clauses, passives, question words, conjunctions, connective devices  Adolescence ◦ Increase in sentence length and complexity

9. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition9  Principles of early lexical development ◦ Tier one – reference, extendibility, scope ◦ Tier two – categorical scope, novel, fast-mapping, conventionality  Referential vs expressive style  Overextension, underextension, overlap, mismatch  Relational terms  Parental input and lexical development  Cross linguistic considerations

10. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition10  Preschool age ◦ New vocabulary words and meanings ◦ Conceptual category knowledge and terms  School age ◦ Definitions ◦ Horizontal and vertical development ◦ 1 st grade – 20,000 words, 6 th grade 50,000 words  Adolescence ◦ 12 th grade - 80,000 words

11. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition11  Joint attention and joint action routines  Nonverbal communication and gestures  Conversation and discourse ◦ Topic initiation and responses ◦ Turn taking and topic maintenance ◦ Clarification and repair strategies ◦ Communicative intents  Cross linguistic considerations

12. Chapter 14 - First language acquisition12  Preschool age ◦ Conversational discourse ◦ Narratives  School age ◦ Perspective taking ◦ Conversational repairs ◦ Figurative language ◦ Different registers or styles  Adolescence ◦ Conversational discourse ◦ Narratives