1. Mid-Term Exam Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) 20% of final grade 20% of final grade three sections (concise, brief written answers) three sections (concise, brief written answers) – Part 1 Lectures – Bureaucracy and Democracy lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 one answer from choice of two questions one answer from choice of two questions – Part 2 Lectures – The Political-Bureaucratic Interface within a Department lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12 lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12 one answer from choice of three questions one answer from choice of three questions – Part 3 Lectures – Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across Government lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31 lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31 one answer from choice of two questions one answer from choice of two questions 80 minutes 80 minutes – please do NOT arrive late (exam ends at 3:50 pm regardless of time of your arrival!) – have a strategy!!

2. “Essence of Decision” Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis October 31st, 2006

4. Organizational Outputs date of discovery date of discovery range of options range of options implementation of blockade implementation of blockade – naval procedures naval procedures naval procedures

6. The Bureaucratic Politics Model Date of Discovery Date of Discovery 10 day delay before October 14 th U-2 flight 10 day delay before October 14 th U-2 flight –Air Force vs. CIA failed Air Force mission on Oct.9?failed Air Force mission on Oct.9? co-operative mission – Oct. 14co-operative mission – Oct. 14

7. The Bureaucratic Politics Model Range of Options Range of Options the President the President –RFK the Armed Forces the Armed Forces –Air Force –Navy the Secretary of Defense the Secretary of Defense – blockade not the first choice of any one of the relevant actors not the first choice of any one of the relevant actors

8. The Bureaucratic Politics Model implementation of blockade implementation of blockade Navy vs. Presidential preferences for blockade Navy vs. Presidential preferences for blockade –based on Navy SOPs –inititial public account that President preferences prevailed –reality – blockade operated from Navy-specified distance "This is none of your goddamned business. We've been doing this since the days of John Paul Jones, and if you'll go back to your quarters, Mr. Secretary, we'll handle this." Admiral George W. Anderson (to Secretary of Defence, Robert McNamara)"This is none of your goddamned business. We've been doing this since the days of John Paul Jones, and if you'll go back to your quarters, Mr. Secretary, we'll handle this." Admiral George W. Anderson (to Secretary of Defence, Robert McNamara) result – one (possibly several) Soviet ships passed through blockade after it was operationalresult – one (possibly several) Soviet ships passed through blockade after it was operational crisis peak (October 27) crisis peak (October 27) –U-2 shot down over Cuba US Air Force neglects to enforce Presidential order banning any further overflightsUS Air Force neglects to enforce Presidential order banning any further overflights

9. The Denouement... blockade effective on October 22 (through November 20) blockade effective on October 22 (through November 20) Kruschev response (Oct. 26, Oct.27) Kruschev response (Oct. 26, Oct.27) – demand the US agree not to invade Cuba accepted publicly by JFK accepted publicly by JFK – demand that Jupiter missiles removed from Turkey accepted secretly by RFK accepted secretly by RFK

10. Three Conceptual Lenses and the Cuban Missile Crisis applying the lenses to the Soviet government applying the lenses to the Soviet government – was the USSR acting as a rational-unitary actor? – organizational structure model the Arkhipov incident – Russian naval SOPs the Arkhipov incident – Russian naval SOPs – bureaucratic politics model

12. Mid-Term Exam Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class) 20% of final grade 20% of final grade three sections (concise, brief written answers) three sections (concise, brief written answers) – Part 1 Lectures – Bureaucracy and Democracy lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26 one answer from choice of two questions one answer from choice of two questions – Part 2 Lectures – The Political-Bureaucratic Interface within a Department lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12 lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12 one answer from choice of three questions one answer from choice of three questions – Part 3 Lectures – Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across Government lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31 lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31 one answer from choice of two questions one answer from choice of two questions 80 minutes 80 minutes – please do NOT arrive late (exam ends at 3:50 pm regardless of time of your arrival!) – have a strategy!!