2. Vocabulary Amendments Constitution Executive Branch Bureaucracy 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10

3. QUESTION: This amendment protects you against cruel and unusual punishment & excessive bail ANSWER: 8 th amendment

4. QUESTION: Name the amendment that abolished slavery ANSWER: 13 th amendment

5. QUESTION: This amendment limits the president to two terms or ten years maximum in office ANSWER: 22 nd amendment

6. QUESTION: This amendment says the right to vote cannot be denied to people based on their race ANSWER: The 15th amendment

7. QUESTION: Explain the equal protection clause and identify where it is found in the Constitution. ANSWER: 14 th amendment The Constitution applies to everyone equally regardless of race or gender, etc.; this clause is the basis for all civil rights lawsuits. People can’t be treated differently under the Constitution (except for rational basis cases, that’s different)

8. QUESTION: Which part of the Constitution explains the process for adding amendments? ANSWER: Article 5

9. QUESTION: The Constitution lists several specific powers such as the power to declare war, the power to tax, etc. What do we call powers that can be found in the Constitution? ANSWER: expressed powers (expressed powers can be found word-for-word in the Constitution)

10. QUESTION: The Constitution lists some powers that belong to states alone, and not to the federal government. What do we call these? ANSWER: Reserved powers

11. QUESTION: Which article of the Constitution explains how the federal court system will work? ANSWER: Article III (3)

12. QUESTION: Popular sovereignty is a key concept found in the Constitution. Explain what it means. ANSWER: Popular sovereignty= power from the people. This means that “we the people” have given government its power and that it is supposed to be responsive to what we want.

13. QUESTION: Which article of the Constitution discusses the executive branch? ANSWER: Article III (3)

14. QUESTION: What’s the term for a president who can’t run again or who ran again and lost? And what amendment deals with this? ANSWER: Lame duck & 20 th amendment

15. QUESTION: If the office of president and vice president are both vacant, who becomes president? What amendment spells out the order? ANSWER: The Speaker of the House becomes President; 25 th amendment

16. QUESTION: The president does more than act as commander in chief (be head of the armed forces). Name one additional role (job title) of the president and give an example of something the president would do in that role. ANSWER: Chief executive (enforce the laws) Chief of party (top Republican or Dem; helps the party win other elections, fundraising, etc. Chief diplomat (deals with other heads of state, negotiates treaties, etc. THERE ARE 8 TOTAL ROLES OF THE PRES

17. QUESTION: Can the president declare war? Explain! ANSWER: No, s/he can request a declaration of war, but only Congress can declare war. The pres can deploy troops as commander in chief, but must follow the guidelines of the War Powers Act (notify Congress within 48 hours and Congress must AUMF to keep them deployed for longer than 60 days)

18. QUESTION: How many Cabinet departments are there? ANSWER: Fifteen

19. QUESTION: What is the name of the part of the bureaucracy that makes the President’s budget every year? ANSWER: The Office of Management & Budget (OMB)

20. QUESTION: Government corporations are a part of the bureaucracy 7 they sell a good or service. Give an example of a government corporation. ANSWER: Amtrak (passenger rail service) Postal Service (mail & package delivery, stamps) TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority; electricity)

21. QUESTION: The President has his own staff in the White House Office that includes additional advisors other than the members of the cabinet, and this group is known collectively as the Executive Office of the President. Name one person or group that makes up the EOP. ANSWER: National Security Council (NSC) CEA (Council of Economic Advisors) OMB (Office of Management & Budget) Chief of Staff, Press Secretary

22. QUESTION: What does a president have to do to fill a vacancy in his/her Cabinet? ANSWER: Nominate the new person and then that person must be confirmed by the Senate (who would hold hearings first to have the nominee answer questions and then the Senate would vote to recommend or reject the president’s nominee)

23. QUESTION: This term is used to describe a politician who is already in office who is running for re-election ANSWER: incumbent

24. QUESTION: This term is used to describe laws involving the money members of Congress get passed to pay for projects that really only benefit their specific district (if in the House) or state (if in the Senate). These projects help them then get re-elected later because they have shown they can “bring home the bacon” ANSWER: “Pork barrel” legislation

25. QUESTION: This is the term we use to describe the process that happens every 10 years to re-allocate how many seats in the House each state gets. It’s based on population changes, so some states may lose seats and some states may gain seats. ANSWER: Reapportionment

26. QUESTION: It’s not always unconstitutional for government to make laws that seem to discriminate; that is, laws can be passed that don’t treat men and women or older people and younger people the same, for example. However, the Supreme Court looks at such laws VERY closely. What’s the name for the two legal tests the court would apply to see if a law is discriminatory? ANSWER: The strict scrutiny test & the rational basis test

27. QUESTION: What is the name for programs that provide government benefits such as Social Security and Medicare? ANSWER: Entitlement programs