1. Language Variation

2. n ICE vs ASE

3. Language Variation n ICE vs ASE –Often called BE, Black English

4. Language Variation n ICE vs ASE –Often called BE, Black English –Is found among people of all racial backgrounds in most American cities, and is remarkably consistent.

5. Language Variation n ICE vs ASE –Often called BE, Black English –Is found among people of all racial backgrounds in most American cities, and is remarkably consistent. –Notably the verb to be is dropped or reduced in frequency.

6. Language Variation n Other language varieties:

7. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Lingua franca

8. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Lingua franca n A language used across cultural and/or political boundaries: English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Latin

9. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Lingua franca n A language used across cultural and/or political boundaries: English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Latin –Pidgin

10. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Lingua franca n A language used across cultural and/or political boundaries: English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Latin –Pidgin n has no native speakers n is based on the vocabulary and syntax of one or more languages, with reduced features

11. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Lingua franca n A language used across cultural and/or political boundaries: English, French, Spanish, Arabic, Latin –Pidgin n has no native speakers n is based on the vocabulary and syntax of one or more languages, with reduced features –da pua pipl awl poteito it –The poor people ate only potatoes

12. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Creole

13. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Creole n a pidgin that becomes a language with native speakers: Haitian Creole and Jamaican Patois

14. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Jargon

15. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Jargon n Highly specialized language, often technical.

16. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Jargon n Highly specialized language, often technical. –Morpheme, CPU, floppy, LASER, Doplar RADAR, isotopes

17. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Jargon n Highly specialized language, often technical. –Morpheme, CPU, floppy, LASER, Doplar RADAR, isotopes –Slang and Taboo

18. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Jargon n Highly specialized language, often technical. –Morpheme, CPU, floppy, LASER, Doplar RADAR, isotopes –Slang and Taboo n Swear words, fighting words, heresies

19. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Jargon n Highly specialized language, often technical. –Morpheme, CPU, floppy, LASER, Doplar RADAR, isotopes –Slang and Taboo n Swear words, fighting words, heresies n not the same from language to language, or even variation to variation.

20. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Code Switching and Borrowing

21. Language Variation n Other language varieties: –Code Switching and Borrowing n Switching languages mid-stream n Borrowing words from another language is due to familiarity with a specialized term or prior knowledge of subject in one language and not another. Often times borrowed words become fixed in a language