1. Organic Chemistry

2. What is it?  Most things are made of Carbon  Usually they also contain the atoms H, O, N, Cl and many others  Millions are know of and many more are discovered (made) each year  Most things are made of Carbon  Usually they also contain the atoms H, O, N, Cl and many others  Millions are know of and many more are discovered (made) each year

3. Where are they found?  In living things (C makes up 20% of all animals)  Fossil fuels (coal, petrol, gas and oil)  Plastics, glues, soaps, paper, medicine and cosmetics  In living things (C makes up 20% of all animals)  Fossil fuels (coal, petrol, gas and oil)  Plastics, glues, soaps, paper, medicine and cosmetics

4.  Hydrocarbon chain (octane) - type of fuel  PVC - type of plastic, repeating unit of C, H and Cl’s  Hydrocarbon chain (octane) - type of fuel  PVC - type of plastic, repeating unit of C, H and Cl’s

5.  Hydrocarbon chain - soap. Polar and Non-polar  Penicillin  Hydrocarbon chain - soap. Polar and Non-polar  Penicillin

6. So why are there so many organic compounds?  Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with other carbons  This can cause chains of Carbons or Rings BenzenePropane  Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with other carbons  This can cause chains of Carbons or Rings BenzenePropane

7.  Carbon atoms can form single, double and triple bonds with both carbon and other atoms

8.  The same atoms can join together to form isomers

9. Hydrocarbons  The simplest organic compounds contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms  For example: The alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.  The simplest organic compounds contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms  For example: The alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

10. Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes  Alkanes contain only C-C single bonds.  They are saturated, as no more hydrogen atoms can be added to them.  Alkynes have one or more C=C double covalent bonds.  They are unsaturated more H atoms can be added to them  Alkanes contain only C-C single bonds.  They are saturated, as no more hydrogen atoms can be added to them.  Alkynes have one or more C=C double covalent bonds.  They are unsaturated more H atoms can be added to them

11.  Alkynes have one of more C=C triple bonds and are also unsaturated

12. Alkanes  Homologous Series: A family of organic compounds that can be represented by a general formula differing by one CH 2 unit.  Members of a homologous series have similar methods of prep and have similar chemical properties.  Alkanes are an example of a homologous series.  Homologous Series: A family of organic compounds that can be represented by a general formula differing by one CH 2 unit.  Members of a homologous series have similar methods of prep and have similar chemical properties.  Alkanes are an example of a homologous series.

13. Alkanes  General formula: C n H 2n+2  The alkane family build up by lengthening the carbon chain by one CH 2 group at a time.  The first member (methane) contains only one C atom (n=1) Therefore the number of Hydrogens is: 2n + 2 = 2(1) + 2 = 4  General formula: C n H 2n+2  The alkane family build up by lengthening the carbon chain by one CH 2 group at a time.  The first member (methane) contains only one C atom (n=1) Therefore the number of Hydrogens is: 2n + 2 = 2(1) + 2 = 4

14. Methane

16.  Agriculture accounts for approx 14% of greenhouse gases.  Methane comes from a variety of places: Burning fossil fuels, waste management, agriculture, wetlands, oceans, termites and forest fires.  Agriculture accounts for approx 14% of greenhouse gases.  Methane comes from a variety of places: Burning fossil fuels, waste management, agriculture, wetlands, oceans, termites and forest fires.

17. Methane, ethane, propane and butane

18. Naming straight chained molecules

19. Examples for naming:  Hexane:  Hex prefix means 6 carbons  Ane suffix means all single bonds  Therefore draw 6 carbons all bonded together and fill in the max of 4 bonds per carbon with hydrogens  Hexane:  Hex prefix means 6 carbons  Ane suffix means all single bonds  Therefore draw 6 carbons all bonded together and fill in the max of 4 bonds per carbon with hydrogens