1. C ONTROL STUDY OF SURFACE BIAS EMISSION IN 2- PARTICLE CORRELATIONS IN A U +A U AT √ S NN = 200 G E V IN PHENIX Eric Vazquez 2012 APS-Division of Nuclear Physics Conference

2. P ROBING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA RHIC: Heavy-ion collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV: Evidence of strongly interacting colored medium Strongly interacting medium induces parton energy loss 2 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

3. P ROBING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA Nuclear modification factor (R AA ) was first crude indicator of energy loss. Compare final state particle production with a “control” system ( scaled proton-proton collisions ) However, little sensitivity to precise energy loss mechanism 3 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Significant energy loss

4. P ROBING THE QUARK GLUON PLASMA Nuclear modification factor (R AA ) was first crude indicator of energy loss. Compare final state particle production with a “control” system ( scaled proton-proton collisions ) However, little sensitivity to precise energy loss mechanism 2-particle correlations provide a probe associated with jets that is sensitive to path length traversed in strongly interacting medium. 4 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

5. 2- PARTICLE CORRELATIONS AT RHIC Triggering on events with high-p T tracks is an efficient way to probe jet production. 5 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting high-p T track lower-p T track  “trigger” “associated”

6. 2- PARTICLE CORRELATIONS AT RHIC Triggering on events with high-p T tracks is an efficient way to probe jet production. 6 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting high-p T track lower-p T track  “trigger” “associated”

7. J ET MEASUREMENTS AT RHIC Both PHENIX and STAR have provided a wealth of measurements providing insight into jet- quenching at RHIC. 7 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

8. J ET MEASUREMENTS AT RHIC Both PHENIX and STAR have provided a wealth of measurements providing insight into jet- quenching at RHIC. 8 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Both experiments observe jet-quenching for away-side pairs!!

9. S URFACE BIAS EMISSION However…. Why is the away-side jet quenched while the near-side jet is not? 9 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

10. S URFACE BIAS EMISSION However…. Why is the away-side jet quenched while the near-side jet is not? 10 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Unmodified pair production Strongly interacting medium

11. S URFACE BIAS EMISSION However…. Why is the away-side jet quenched while the near-side jet is not? 11 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Unmodified pair production Modified pair production Strongly interacting medium

12. S URFACE BIAS EMISSION Can we reduce the “surface bias”? Some proposals to reduce “surface bias” 2+1 correlations: require two high-p T “triggers" 12 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Unmodified pair production Modified pair production Strongly interacting medium high-p T track

13. S URFACE BIAS EMISSION Can we reduce the “surface bias”? Some proposals to reduce “surface bias” 2+1 correlations: require two high-p T “triggers“ 13 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Strongly interacting medium Reduction surface bias high-p T track

14. Can we reduce the “surface bias”? Some proposals to reduce “surface bias” 2+1 correlations: require two high-p T “triggers“  -h correlations: Colorless probe S URFACE BIAS EMISSION 14 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Strongly interacting medium Reduction surface bias high-p T track

15. 2+1 DI - HADRON CORRELATIONS 15 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

16. C ONDITIONALLY TRIGGERED EVENTS 2 high-p T track requirement high-p T track  16 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting “trigger” “conditional”

17. C ONDITIONALLY TRIGGERED EVENTS 2 high-p T track requirement Both high-p T tracks separated in azimuth by: high-p T track   tc 17 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting “trigger” “conditional”

18. 2+1 CORRELATIONS PAIR DISTRIBUTION high-p T track  ta 18 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Pair distribution is constructed from a high-p T trigger relative to other lower p T fragments “associated” tracks “trigger” “conditional”

19. 2+1 DI - HADRON CORRELATIONS 2006 p+p at √s NN = 200 GeV 19 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

20. 2+1 DI - HADRON CORRELATIONS 2007 Au+Au at √s NN = 200 GeV 20 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

21. B ACKGROUND SUBTRACTION Subtraction is done under the two-source model assumption: Flow modulated background is modeled by convoluting three single particle flow distributions 21 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting “correlation”“jet” “background”

22. ZYAM PROCEDURE 22 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting To determine background level, the Zero Yield at Minimum (ZYAM) procedure is employed.

23. ZYAM PROCEDURE 23 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting To determine background level, the Zero Yield at Minimum (ZYAM) procedure is employed.

24. J ETS : 2+1 DI - HADRON PAIR DISTRIBUTIONS 2006 p+p at √s NN = 200 GeV 24 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

25. J ETS : 2+1 DI - HADRON PAIR DISTRIBUTIONS 2007 Au+Au at √s NN = 200 GeV 25 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

26. J ET YIELDS Can extract the yield due to jets from 2+1 correlations 26 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

27. J ET YIELDS Can extract the yield due to jets from 2+1 correlations 27 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Integrate near- side from –  /3 to  /3

28. J ET YIELDS Can extract the yield due to jets from 2+1 correlations 28 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Integrate away- side from 2  /3 to 

29. R ATIO : NEAR - SIDE TO AWAY - SIDE Define ratio: 29 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

30. R ATIO OF I NTEGRATED Y IELDS (N EAR - SIDE TO A WAY - SIDE ) Ratio of near-side to away-side integrated yields 30 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Harder fragments in the direction of higher p T track

31. R ATIO OF I NTEGRATED Y IELDS (N EAR - SIDE TO A WAY - SIDE ) Ratio of near-side to away-side integrated yields 31 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

32. R ATIO OF I NTEGRATED Y IELDS (N EAR - SIDE TO A WAY - SIDE ) Ratio of near-side to away-side integrated yields 32 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

33.  -h CORRELATIONS 33 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

34. T HE “ GOLDEN CHANNEL ” Photons are “colorless” probes: (i.e. DO NOT interact with strongly interacting colored medium) Use as photon as calibration for modified away- side jet 34 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

35.  -h CORRELATIONS Comparison of Au+Au to p+p correlations Extract yields by integrating away-side correlation. 35 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

36.  -h CORRELATIONS Comparison of Au+Au to p+p correlations Extract yields by integrating away-side correlation. 36 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

37. F RAGMENTATION YIELDS VS. z T 37 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting Suppression at high z T (low  )

38. M ODIFICATION SIGNIFICANT ? Define different integration regions and compare results. 38 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

39. M ODIFICATION SIGNIFICANT ? Define different integration regions and compare results. 39 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

40. M ODIFICATION SIGNIFICANT ? Define different integration regions and compare results. Suppression significant regardless of integration region!! 40 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

41. C ONCLUSION A modification is seen in Au+Au to the topology of the 2+1 correlations. Harder fragments tend to be biased in the direction of the highest p T track. Ratio of near-side to away-side yields show significant modification relative to 2006 p+p collision system Are we reducing surface bias with 2+1 correlation measurement? Further studies are needed to determine source of modification Modification is seen in  -h correlations at high z T. 41 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

42. BACK UP 42 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

43. 2007 PHENIX DETECTOR 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting 43 Measuring hadrons: Tracking done via drift chambers and pad chambers Ring imaging Cerenkov detector allows us to segregate hadrons from electrons below 5 GeV

44. M EASURING 3 TRACKS IN PHENIX Remind ourselves that the 2+1 correlation is really a 3-particle measurement. PHENIX previously published methodology for measuring 2-particle correlations in a limited acceptace detector through event-mixing. Key point: Can recover physics correlations as long as pair efficiencies can be approximated by single particle efficiencies. 44 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting

45. M EASURING 3 TRACKS IN PHENIX Extend logic to three tracks: The single particle efficiencies are given by event- mixing which leads to a three event-mixing technique (similar to two event-mixing technique used in 2-particle correlations) 45 2012 APS-DNP Fall Meeting