1. Unit 2 Self and Others
Gender

2. Childhood poem What are little boys made of? Frogs and snails
And puppy dogs’ tails,
That’s what little boys are made of
What are little girls made of?
Sugar and spice
And all that’s nice,
That’s what little girls are made of

3. Gender focus questions
How are gender differences distinct from gender roles?
What difficulties do both men and women face moving into non-traditional gender areas?
Why is it important to keep challenging our beliefs about appropriate gender roles?

4. Gender Attitudes
Gender differences the physical differences that exist between males and females
-body fat
-muscle density (strength)
- reproductive organs
In the past – resulted in us being put into rigid categories – gender roles

5. Male Gender Roles and Expectation Female Gender Role and Expectations
Gender Roles: the roles that society expects people to play based on their gender
Historically!
Male Gender Roles and Expectation
Female Gender Role and Expectations
Aggressive behaviour
Tough and independent
Not to express their feelings
Jobs: Involving physical strength (police, firefighter), Doctors, lawyers (power). Careers would continue after the birth of children
Passive / submissive behaviour
Feminine and dependant
Emotional
Jobs: Involving nurturing (nurses, not doctors, teachers). Careers ended with the birth of children

6. Gender Roles and Socialization

7. Gender Socialization
Gender socialization: the different ways in which boys and girls are socialized, or learn to belong to society
Early Impact of Gender:
Adult voice pitch and word choice changes when relating to babies of perceived different genders

8. Gender Socialization continued
High pitch voice
Vocabulary choice: pretty, dainty
Lower pitch voice
Vocabulary choice: Strong, big, health, strapping

9. Gender Roles and Socialization

10. Gender Differences in Our Brains
Differences involve both brain’s structure and function
Tendencies (generalizations)
More men than women are left-handed
More men than women favour the right ear when listening, women listen equally with both ears
More men than women excel at rotating 3-D objects in their heads
More women than men prove better at reading the emotions of people in photographs

11. Gender Differences in Our Brains
WHY? Theories:
Right hemisphere is dominant in male brains
Corpus callosum in larger in female brains (thus allowing for better communication between the right and left hemispheres of the female brain
Corpus callosum up to 23% wider in females (Allen and Gorski, 1992)
females use both sides of brain when spelling while males use mostly the left side when spelling (Naylor, 1988)

12. Gender Differences in Our Brains

13. Non-Physical Gender Differences
Conversation styles: (Deborah Tanner)
Women – Consensus model – allowing everyone to have input in the decision making process (to not appear bossy or arrogant)
Women do not call attention to their accomplishments to the same extent that men do (to not appear like they are bragging)
Use of pronouns: women use “we” or “our” whereas men use ”I” and “my”

14. Non-Physical Gender Differences
Sense of Humor Men
Slapstick: involving exaggerated physical violence and activities which exceed the boundaries of common sense
Gallows humor: type of humor that arises from stressful, traumatic, or life-threatening situations (similar to black comedy)
WARNING: Watch your dog! Police all over the country are advising all dog owners to "Watch your Dog". Dogs are being picked off one at a time. They are falling in great numbers.

15. Non-Physical Gender Differences
Sense of Humor Women
Irony: an expression of something completely different  from the literal meaning.  Usually, someone says the opposite of what they mean and the listener believes the opposite of what they said.