1. Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource.
Chapter Resources
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earth.msscience.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review Questions
Standardized Test Practice

2. earth.msscience.com

3. Image Bank
Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.

4. Image Bank
Transfer Images
To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps:
Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image.
Copy the image
Go to your own power point document
Paste the image.

5. Image Bank
Bending and Breaking

6. Earthquake Epicenter Map
Image Bank
Earthquake Epicenter Map

7. Image Bank
Normal Fault

8. Image Bank
Reverse Fault

9. Image Bank
Strike-Slip Fault

10. Image Bank
Surface Waves

11. Image Bank
Primary Wave Metaphor

12. Horizontal Motion Seismograph
Image Bank
Horizontal Motion Seismograph

13. Vertical Motion Seismograph
Image Bank
Vertical Motion Seismograph

14. Table – P-wave and S-wave Speed
Image Bank
Table – P-wave and S-wave Speed

15. Image Bank
Epicenter

16. Internal Structure of Earth
Image Bank
Internal Structure of Earth

17. Earthquake Epicenter – Globe
Image Bank
Earthquake Epicenter – Globe

18. Table – Seismic Wave Speeds
Image Bank
Table – Seismic Wave Speeds

19. Image Bank
Earthquake Damage

20. Table – Large Magnitude Earthquakes
Image Bank
Table – Large Magnitude Earthquakes

21. Image Bank
Tsunami Beginning

22. Map – Risk of Earthquake Damage
Image Bank
Map – Risk of Earthquake Damage

23. Image Bank
Gas Shut Off Valve

24. Image Bank
Damaged Building

25. Seismograph Waves of an Earthquake
Image Bank
Seismograph Waves of an Earthquake

26. Earthquakes and Earth’s Crust
Foldables
Earthquakes and Earth’s Crust
Make the following Foldable to help you understand the cause-and-effect relationship between earthquakes and movement in Earth’s crust.

27. Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise.
Foldables
Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise.

28. Foldables
Fold paper down 2.5 cm from the top. (Hint: From the tip of your index finger to your middle knuckle is about 2.5 cm.)

29. Open and draw lines along the 2.5 cm fold. Label as shown.
Foldables
Open and draw lines along the 2.5 cm fold. Label as shown.

30. Foldables
Read and Write
As you read the chapter, write the causes and effects of earthquakes on your Foldable.

31. Video Clips
Click image to view movie.

32. Reviewing Main Ideas 1
Forces Inside Earth
Plate movements can cause rocks to bend and stretch. Rocks can break if the forces on them are beyond their elastic limit.
Earthquakes are vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault.
Normal faults form when rocks are under tension. Reverse faults form under compression and shearing forces produce strike-slip faults.

33. Features of Earthquakes
Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Features of Earthquakes
Primary waves stretch and compress rock particles. Secondary waves move particles at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
Surface waves move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion and a side-to-side swaying motion.

34. Features of Earthquakes
Reviewing Main Ideas 2
Features of Earthquakes
Earthquake epicenters are located by recording seismic waves.
The boundaries between Earth’s internal layers are determined by observing the speeds and paths of seismic waves.

35. People and Earthquakes
Reviewing Main Ideas 3
People and Earthquakes
A seismograph measures the magnitude of an earthquake.
The magnitude of an earthquake is related to the energy released by the earthquake.

36. Question 1 Rocks break when the __________ limit is passed. A. elastic
Chapter Review
Question 1
Rocks break when the __________ limit is
passed.
A. elastic
B. seismic
C. shear
D. tension

37. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is A. Rocks undergo elastic deformation until they pass the elastic limit.

38. Question 2 __________ waves arrive first at seismograph stations.
Chapter Review
Question 2
__________ waves arrive first at seismograph
stations.
A. Pressure
B. Primary
C. Secondary
D. Surface

39. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is B. Secondary waves travel more slowly than primary waves and arrive second at seismograph stations.

40. Question 3 When seismic waves reach a seismograph,
Chapter Review
Question 3
When seismic waves reach a seismograph,
which part of the seismograph vibrates?
A. drum
B. pen
C. pendulum
D. weight

41. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is A. The pen is stationary and records the movements of the drum.

42. Question 4 What is the minimum number of seismograph
Chapter Review
Question 4
What is the minimum number of seismograph
stations needed to determine the epicenter of an
earthquake?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

43. Chapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. Scientists use the time taken between the arrivals of primary and secondary waves to determine the distance from each seismograph station to the epicenter.

44. Chapter Review
Question 5
What is a reverse fault?

45. Chapter Review
Answer
A reverse fault results from compression forces that squeeze rock. Rock above a reverse fault surface is pushed up and over the rock below the fault surface.

46. Question 1 The point at which energy is first released is
Standardized Test Practice
Question 1
The point at which energy is first released is
called the __________ of an earthquake.
A. epicenter
B. focus
C. origin
D. pressure point

47. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The focus is the point at which energy is first released. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus.

48. Question 2 What type of fault is shown in the diagram? A. compression
Standardized Test Practice
Question 2
What type of fault is shown in the diagram?
A. compression
B. normal
C. reverse
D. strike-slip

49. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. Normal faults can form where tension forces pull rocks apart.

50. Question 3 What type of earthquake wave does the diagram represent?
Standardized Test Practice
Question 3
What type of earthquake wave does the diagram
represent?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. surface
D. transverse

51. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is A. Primary waves cause particles in rock to move parallel to the direction that the wave is traveling.

52. Question 4 What type of movement is this seismograph
Standardized Test Practice
Question 4
What type of movement is this seismograph
designed to record?
A. backward
B. horizontal
C. rolling
D. vertical

53. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The drum will rotate on the moving bedrock; the stationary pen will record horizontal movement.

54. Standardized Test Practice
Question 5
If secondary waves reach the seismograph station three minutes after primary waves, how far is the station from the epicenter?
A. 1,000 km C. 2,000 km
B. 1,500 km D. 3,000 km

55. Standardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. The primary waves reach the station in 3 minutes from an epicenter 1,500 km away; secondary waves arrive in 6 minutes.

56. Help
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57. End of Chapter Resources File