1. Energy
Chapter 4

2. What is Energy? - the ability to do work or cause change.
* When you do work on an object, some of your energy is transferred to that object
* When energy is transferred, the object upon which the work is done gains energy.

3. Energy Cont’d... Unit for energy = Joules Figure 1 – pg 109
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4. Types of Energy
Kinetic: energy an object has due to its motion
Depends on: speed and mass
*Faster an object moves = more kinetic energy
*More mass = more kinetic energy
𝐾𝐸= 1 2 𝑥 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑥 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑2
~ Figure 2 pg. 110
Potential Energy: Energy that results from the position or shape of an object
*Energy that has the POTENTIAL to do work

5. Types of Potential Energy
~Gravitational Potential Energy: potential energy related to height.
*GPE = Weight x Height
~ Elastic Potential Energy: potential energy due to shape (compressed or stretched)

6. Figure 3 and 4 pg

7. Forms of Energy
Mechanical Energy – energy associated with motion, position, or shape of an object
Mechanical Energy = PE + KE

8. Figure 1 – pg 115

9. APPLY IT – pg 116

10. Types of Energy associated with Particles
Nuclear Energy
Thermal Energy
Electrical Energy
Electromagnetic Energy
Chemical Energy

11. Nuclear Energy Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear fission – nucleus splits
Nuclear fusion – nuclei of atoms fuse or join together
Figure 2 pg 117

12. Thermal Energy
The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object.
Higher the temperature (movement of particles) = higher thermal energy

13. Electrical Energy Energy from Electric charges
Can be either potential or kinetic energy depending if charges are in motion

14. Electromagnetic Energy
Energy that travels through space in waves
Examples: microwaves, X-rays, Infared (heat) waves, radio waves

15. Chemical Energy Potential energy stored in chemical bonds.
Chemical bonds – hold atoms together
When bonds break – energy is released

16. Figure 3 pg

17. Energy Transformation and Conservation
ALL FORMS OF ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY.
Energy transformation: a change form one form of energy to another

18. Types of Transformation
Single: where one form transforms into another form to get work done
Ex – electrical to thermal (toaster)
- Chemical to mechanical (body breaking down food to use to move muscles)
Multiple: series of transformations happen in order to do work.
Ex: mechanical thermal chemical thermal electromagnetic
Strike a match fire heat causes bonds to break heat again see light from flame

19. Apply it - 121 chemical kinetic chemical Nuclear electromagnetic
thermal
chemical
electromagnetic

20. Figure 1 and figure 2 pg. 122 Gravitational potential energy
The ball is covering more distance in equal time intervals, o its speed is increasing and therefore kinetic energy increases.
Kinetic Energy

21. Figure 3 pg 123 Kinetic Energy Elastic Energy Kinetic Energy
Gravitational potential energy
Kinetic Energy

22. Law of Conservation of Charge
Law states that Energy can not be created or destroyed.
The amount of energy is the same before and after transformation Pg