2. Review: The Vestibular System, is the system of balance & consists of: 5 distinct end organs: 3 semicircular canals that are sensitive to angular accelerations (head rotations) 2 otolith organs that are sensitive to linear (or straight-line) accelerations. [1]

3. Semicircular canals are arranged as a set of 3 mutually orthogonal sensors: Each canal is at a right angle to the other 2. It is similar to the way 3 sides of a box meet at each corner and are at a right angle to one another.

4. Each canal is maximally sensitive to rotations that lie in the plane of the canal. The result is that 3 canals can uniquely specify the direction and amplitude of any arbitrary head rotation.

5. The canals are organized into functional pairs wherein both members of the pair lie in the same plane. Any rotation in that plane is excitatory to one of the members of the pair and inhibitory to the other.

6. The otolith organs include: The utricle and the saccule. The utricle senses motion in the horizontal plane (i.e.., forward-backward movement, left-right movement, or a combination thereof). The saccule senses motions in the sagittal plane (i.e., up-down movement).

8. The vestibular system also engages a number of reflex pathways that are responsible for making compensatory movements and adjustments in body position. It also engages pathways that project to the cortex to provide perceptions of gravity and movement

10. A Brain CLICK is a process of becoming aware of a change caused by the environment on an unconscious level but the “change” is not enough to produce attending to that change. It is a subtle change that is evaluated by your sensory system and nervous system (even receptor cell level) but, not enough to cause a survival response or cognitive/executive function response. It is non- threatening. Lmessbauer 2004

11. The Eyes are the window to the Soul

12. The Complex Visual System

13. Keep the Brain Active

15. The Blind Spot

16. Depth perception

17. The Brains’ Short Cuts

19. References Available upon request Thanks!