1. Linking biochemistry and human metabolism
Nutrition
Linking biochemistry and human metabolism

2. What Are Nutrients? Carbohydrates Fats and oils Proteins Vitamins
Nutrients: the chemicals in foods/drinks that are critical to human growth and function
There are six groups of essential nutrients:
Carbohydrates
Fats and oils
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

3. Macronutrients vs. micronutrients?
Macronutrients: nutrients required in relatively large amounts (g, grams)
Provide energy
Carbohydrates, fats and oils, proteins
Micronutrients: nutrients required in smaller amounts (micros grams, g or milligrams, mg)
Vitamins and minerals

4. Macronutrients - Carbohydrates
Primary source of fuel for the body, especially for the brain
Provide 4 kcal per gram
Found in grains (wheat, rice), vegetables, fruits, and legumes

5. Macronutrients - Fats and Oils
Composed of lipids, molecules that are insoluble in water
Provide 9 kcal per gram
Important energy source during rest or low-intensity exercise
Found in butter, margarine, vegetable oils
Source of fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids

6. Carbohydrate and Fat Use by Exercise Intensity

7. Macronutrients - Proteins
Chains of amino acids
Can supply 4 kcal of energy per gram, but are not a primary energy source
Important source of nitrogen, Building cells and tissues, Maintaining bones, Repairing damage, Regulating metabolism, Fluid balance
Protein sources include meats, dairy products, seeds, nuts, and legumes

8. Micronutrients - Vitamins
organic molecules that assist in regulating body processes
do not supply energy to our bodies
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins

9. Minerals inorganic substances required for body processes
Our bodies require at least 100 mg/day of the major minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride We require less than 100 mg/day of the trace minerals, such as iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and fluoride
inorganic substances required for body processes
include sodium, calcium, iron, potassium, and magnesium
have many different functions, such as fluid regulation, bone structure, muscle movement, and nerve functioning

10. Sodium Functions of sodium Fluid and electrolyte balance
Associated with blood pressure and pH balance in the body
Required for nerve impulse transmission
Assists in the transport of certain nutrients (e.g., glucose) into body cells

11. Potassium Functions of potassium Fluid and electrolyte balance
Very important in muscle contractions and transmission of nerve impulses
High potassium intake helps to maintain a lower blood pressure
Helps to maintain acid–base balance

12. Water
Water is a critical nutrient for health and survival Water is involved in many body processes: fluid balance nutrient transport nerve impulses removal of wastes muscle contractions chemical reactions and many, many more…

13. Body Fluids Help Maintain Body Temperature
Evaporative cooling occurs when heat is transported from the body core through the bloodstream to the surface of the skin.