1. Present Perfect Tense

2. Present perfect tense Present perfect tense 现在完成时  构成 :  用法一： 表示过去发生的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或产生 的结果. 现在完成时这一时 态强调是过去动作与现在 的联系, 也就是强调现在的 影响和结果. have/has + 过去分词

3.  1. 都表示过去发生的事  2. 现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具 体的时间状语连用；  3. 一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过 去的具体时间连用（ last, ago, yesterday, etc. ） presentpast I have lived here for two years I lived there 2 years ago

4. eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.

5. Adverbs of time before, by now (so far), once, twice…, just, recently yet( 否 / 疑 ), already( 肯 ), ever, never, all one’s life, in /during the past /last 5 years,

6. Exercises.  1. I ________(have) lunch already.  2. Has the train_______ (arrive), yet?  3.Tome ____ never_______ (be to ) China.  4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father.  5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.  6. Many tall buildings ____________(build) in the past 5 years. have had arrived has been to hasseen saw have been built

7.  用法二： for+ 段时间 since+ 点时间 since+ 句子（过去时） E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China. 表示过去某个时间开始的动作 或存在的状态，一直持续到现 在并可能还将持续下去。动词 使用延续性动词。常与 for 或 since 引导的时间连用

8. 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变  arrive/come/go to die  become a borrow  Leave/ move  buy open  join  start/begin finish/ end  catch a cold get up  get to know get out  close wake up  go to sleep  become interested in be in be dead have keep be away / be out be a be in/a member of be open be on be over have a coldbe up knowbe out be closedbe awake be asleep/ sleep be interested in

9. Exercises  His father has died. (for 2 years)  The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)  The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old)  My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days) His father has been dead for 2 years. The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m. The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days

10. 重点句型 : It is/ has been+ 段时间 +since 从句 段时间 +has passed+ since 从句 eg. 他死了两年了： He died two years ago. He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died. Two years has passed since he died.

11.  1. 这本书我借了一个月了。 I borrowed this book a month ago. It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book. I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago. A month has passed since I borrowed the book.

12. Have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in  have/has gone to: 已经去了或在途中，还没 有返回；  have/has been to: 曾今去过某地，现在已经 回来了, 后面可接表示 “ 次数 ” 的状语 ;  have/has been in: 表示某人 “ 已在某地停留 一段时间，现仍在那里 ” ，其后常带表示一 段时间的状语。

13. Exercises  Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店买书了。  我在北京待了 5 年了。  Jack 去过上海两次了 -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books. I have been in Beijing for 5 years. Jack has been to Shanghai twice.

14. Correcting  1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.  2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.  3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.  4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.  5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kept has been in/ been a member of the army since 5 years ago/ for 5 years came didcatch

15.  6. Ten years have passed since they got married.  7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.  8.What time have the factory opened?  9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice has has been in didopen been to

16. Exercises  I am an American boy I came to China two years ago. I _____(study) here for two years. My father often (take) me_____ (play) football on the playground. Last week I ___ (take) to the park by him. We saw a lot of monkeys (jump) in the tree. I heard a voice from behind When I (walk ) along the river. I thought myself. “It must_____ (be) Mr. Brown. He __(take) photos.” We___ (enjoy) that day. We ____ (go) back to America next week.week. have studied takesto play Was taken waked jump be is taking enjoyedwill go