1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 1 Writing Reports and Proposals

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 2 Learning Objectives Explain how to adapt to your audiences when writing reports and proposals and provide an overview of the process of drafting report content Learn how to draft proposals and list six ways to strengthen your proposal argument Identify five characteristics of effective writing in online reports and learn how to adapt your writing for wikis

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 3 Learning Objectives Discuss six graphic design principles and learn how to choose points to illustrate Identify common visuals used to show data, information, concepts, and ideas Explain how to integrate visuals and text and how to verify the quality of your visuals

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 4 Reports and Proposals Effective writing Effective visual aids

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 5 Audience Adaptation The “You” attitude Style and language Appropriate tone Cultural sensitivity

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 6 Composing Reports and Proposals The introduction: context, subject, purpose, main ideas, and tone Body sections: presentation, analysis, interpretation, and support Concluding section: benefits, main points, and action items

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 7 Drafting Report Content Accurate Complete Balanced Clear and logical Documented properly

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 8 Report Introduction Authorization Scope of Coverage Sources and Methods Limitations Opportunity or Purpose Background Terms and Definitions Report Organization

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 9 The Report Body Explanations of problem or opportunity Facts, statistics, and trends Results of studies or investigations Discussion and analysis of potential actions Advantages, disadvantages, costs, and benefits

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 10 The Report Body Procedures or steps in a process Methods and approaches Criteria for evaluating options Conclusions and recommendations Support for conclusions and recommendations

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 11 The Report Closing Summary Conclusions Recommendations Action plans

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 12 Content of Proposals The AIDA Model –Introduction –Body –Closing

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 13 Strategies for Success Demonstrate your knowledge Provide concrete examples Research the competition Offer a workable proposal Relate to needs of the audience Package your proposal attractively

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 14 Proposal Introduction Problem or background Proposed solution Scope or delimitations Organization

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 15 The Proposal Body Proposed solution Work plan Qualifications Detailed costs

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 16 The Proposal Closing Key points Benefits and merits Qualifications Commitment

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 17 Drafting Online Content 1.Build trust with intended audiences 2.Adapt content for global audience 3.Use the inverted pyramid style 4.Use a concise, skimmable format 5.Compose effective links

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 18 Collaborating on Wikis Forgo traditional expectations Edit and improve each other’s work Use templates and formatting options Apply the appropriate tools Practice in the “sandbox”

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 19 Three-Step Wiki Process Creating a wiki Adding content Revising content

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 20 Guiding the Readers Headings and links Transitional devices Previews and reviews

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 21 Technology for Reports and Proposals Templates Embedded and linked documents Electronic forms Electronic documents Multimedia documents Proposal-writing software

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 22 The Power of Images Enhance textual messages Replace verbal messages Convey complex information Hold people’s attention Communicate with diverse audiences Convey connotative meaning

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 23 Visual Literacy Consistency Contrast Balance Emphasis Convention Simplicity

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 24 The Ethics of Visual Communication Consider all possible interpretations Provide appropriate context Do not conceal negative information Do not exaggerate support information

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 25 The Ethics of Visual Communication Do not oversimplify complex situations Do not imply cause and effect Avoid manipulation or coercion Be careful how you aggregate data

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 26 Choosing Points to Illustrate The 5 C’s of Visual Design –Clear –Complete –Concise –Connected –Compelling

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 27 Pick the Right Visuals Data and information Concepts and ideas

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 28 The Parts of a Table Systematic arrangement of data –Columns –Rows –Headings

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 29 Preparing Data Tables Use common, understandable units and clearly identify them Express all items in a column in the same unit, and round off for simplicity Label column headings clearly, and use a subhead if necessary

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 30 Preparing Data Tables Separate columns or rows with lines or extra space to make the table easy to follow Do not cram so much information into a table that it becomes hard to read Document the source of the data using the same format as a text footnote

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 31 Line and Surface Charts Trends Variables Relationships

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 32 Using Bar Charts Compare items Show changes Indicate composition Show relative sizes

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 33 Using Pie Charts Limit the number of slices Arrange slices clockwise Use a variety of colors Show numbers or percentages

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 34 Data Visualization Countless data points Wide graphical variety Complex dynamic data

35. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 35 Information, Concepts, and Ideas Organization charts Maps Diagrams Animation Flow charts Drawings Photographs Video

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 36 Maps as Visual Aids Simple maps Geographic information systems Online resources

37. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 37 Drawings and Diagrams Networks Processes Operations Procedures

38. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 38 Photographic Images Decorative value Functional value Copyright issues Level of detail Ethical concerns

39. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 39 Animation and Video Shapes and text Computer animation Digital video

40. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 40 Creating Visual Aids Software Templates Style Quality

41. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 41 Integrate Text and Visuals Balance text and visuals Reference visuals Position visuals Titles, captions, and legends

42. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 12 - 42 Verifying Visual Quality Accuracy Documentation Honesty