1. Exploration and Conquest Najee Myers, Isabel Chapa, Ashley Merina, Steven Estes, Trevor Danega, Justin Shirley

2. Portuguese Expansion Introduction of Caravel (ship that sailed closer to the wind than any other European ship could at that time.) [era. 1400’s] Maritime technology expanded Portuguese navigators were able to reach even more southern latitudes, eventually resulting in the interior reaching of Senegal and Cape Verde Peninsula. (1455)

3. Portuguese Expansion Christopher Columbus discovered the New World (Spain). 1494 Chinese and Portuguese established trade. 1557 With C. Columbus’s discovery of the new world; the Spanish and Portuguese were bounded into disputes eventually settled by the Treaty of Tordesillas. (1494) Second voyage to India commenced lead by Pedro Cavral. (1500’s).

4. Portuguese Expansion 1stWhen the Portuguese arrived in Brazil in 1500, their situation as colonialists was very different from that of Spain in Mexico and Peru. They did not find an advanced civilization with hoards of precious metals for plunder, or a social discipline and organization geared to provide steady tribute which they could appropriate. Brazilian Indians were mainly hunter– gatherers, though some were moving towards agriculture using slash–and– burn techniques to cultivate manioc. Their technology and resources meant that they were thin on the ground. They had no towns, no domestic animals. They were Stone Age men and women, hunting game and fish, naked, illiterate and innumerate.

5. Portuguese Expansion 2 nd A much bigger proportion of Portuguese gains from Brazil came from development of commodity exports and commercial profit than those of Spain from its colonies. In the sixteenth century official revenue from Brazil was small — about 3 per cent of Portuguese public revenue in 1588. Economic activity was concentrated on a small population of settlers engaged in a highly profitable export– oriented sugar industry in the Northeast. The techniques for this industry, including Negro slavery, had been previously developed in Madeira and São Tomé. Cattle ranching in the dry backlands area (the sertão) provided food for those working in sugar production.

6. Portuguese Expansion In 1501 and 1502 the Corte-Real brothers explored and charted Greenland and what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, claiming these lands as part of the Portuguese Empire. Fragmentary evidence also suggests a previous expedition in 1473 by João Vaz Corte-Real, their father, in North America The possible voyage of 1473 and several other possible earlier pre-Columbian expeditions throughout the 15th century and before 1473, ordered from the Azores and Continental Portugal, to the area of North America, this remain as matters of great controversy for scholars as the evidence is not solid enough to completely support it.

7. The African Slave Trade The Middle Passage Early1500s: African states exchange slaves for rifles, rum, cloth, and other items. Loose packing system or tight packing system 10 million enslaved, 12 million shipped, 2 million dead

8. The African Slave Trade People traded as a commodity due to drought and many captives from warring tribes. 367,000 were exported from Africa 1450-1600 15% of slaves died on the voyage to America 54% were sent to sugar plantations

9. Sixteenth-Century Incursions The French, Spanish, Portuguese, and English arrived in North America in the 16th century, sporadically and in small numbers. Some Europeans hoped to find an alternative route to Asia (the Northwest Passage), wealthy civilizations, or precious metals, but few found what they sought. They confronted people who often lived in villages and towns rather than an untamed wilderness but.

10. The European intruders depended almost entirely on the indigenous people, who provided them food and guides, sometimes under duress. Frequently, the most enduring impact of their expeditions was negative. Diseases such as small pox devastated native populations, and violence and wholesale commandeering of food supplies left a legacy of fear and hostility. Sixteenth-Century Incursions

11. 1. What treaty settled boundary disputes between Portugal and Spain? A. Treaty of Versailles B. Treaty of Velasco C. Treaty of Tordesillas

12. 2. When did the Portuguese and Chinese establish trade? A. 1557 B. 1450 C. 1790

13. 3. What was the name of the triangular trade system across the Atlantic? A. Atlantic Market B. Atlantic Commerce C. Middle Passage

14. 4. How many slaves were exported from afica during 1450 to 1600 A. 500,000 B. 367,000 C. 1,000,000

15. 5. What did most europeans seek for in the new world? A. Precious Metals B. Salt C. Gunpowder

16. 6. What disease ravaged Native American population the most? A. Small Pox B. Cancer C. Meningitis

17. Wrong Go Back To: #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6#1#2#3#4#5#6

18. Correct Proceed To: #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, The End#2#3#4#5#6The End

19. Thank you!