1. Stone Mountain

2. Gorge

3. Providence Canyon, GA

4. Appalachian Mountains

5. Sand Mountain

6. Sink-Holes

7. Beaches

8. Cumberland Plateau

9. Lookout Mountain last battle of Cherokees

10. Mississippi River

11. Constructive and Destructive Forces

12. What are Constructive and Destructive Forces?
Constructive Force
A constructive force is a process that raises or builds up the surface features of the Earth.
Anything that adds or builds up
Destructive Force
A destructive force is a process that lowers or tears down the surface features of the Earth.
Anything that subtracts or breaks down

13. What Are Surface Features?
Surface features are landforms and bodies of water that cover the Earth’s surface such as:
mountains
valleys
canyons
gorges
beaches
sand dunes
barrier Islands
flood-plains
moraines and drumlins
volcanoes
oceans
lakes
rivers

14. What are Constructive and Destructive Forces?

15. What are Constructive and Destructive Forces?
Constructive Force
Deposition
Volcanoes
Crust Deformation
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Biological!
Destructive Force
Weathering
Erosion
Volcanoes
Plate Tectonics
Earthquakes
Biological!

16. Introduction to Topographic Maps

19. “Real World”
Contour Map

20. Topographic Maps Contour Line –
- line on a map that connects points of EQUAL elevation.
- show elevation and shape of the land

21. Topographic Maps Contour Interval –
difference in elevation between each line. MUST be equal spacing.
Contour interval =
20 feet
580
560
540
520

22. Topographic Maps Index Contour –
Usually every 5th line is printed darker and has an elevation printed on it.

23. Closely Spaced Contours
Steeper Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are closer together.

24. Wide Spaced Contours
Gradual/Gentle Slope (Gradient) – contour lines are farther apart.

26. We build with…
Constructive forces!!

27. Constructive Forces Deposition Volcanoes Crust Deformation
Plate Tectonics
Biological

28. Constructive Forces Stream Deposition Creates : Floodplains and Deltas
As a river moves it picks up sediment and carries it away
When that water slows down the sediment drops and is deposited
Creates : Floodplains and Deltas

29. Constructive Forces

30. Constructive Forces Glacial Deposits
As glaciers move they scrap up huge amounts of sediment and deposit it where they end
Creates : Moraine (long, low hill), Karnes (small hills)

31. Constructive Forces

32. Constructive Forces Wind Deposit Wave Deposit Creates : Sand Dunes
Creates : Beaches, sand bars, barrier islands

33. Constructive Forces

34. Constructive Forces Volcanoes Crust Deformation
Creates : Islands, New Igneous Rock
Crust Deformation
Creates : Hills and Valleys (folding)
Cliffs (faults)

35. Constructive Forces

36. Constructive Forces Plate Tectonics Biological Creates :
Mountains, Trenches, Volcanoes (convergent)
Mid-Ocean Ridge, New Rock (divergent)
Gorges, Cracks (transform)
Biological
Creates : Lakes, Rivers

37. Convergent

38. Constructive Forces

39. Destructive Okay FIRST, we need to define something
Weathering – the process that breaks down land features into smaller pieces
Ex. Rain, Acid rain, Wind, Tornadoes, Floods, etc…
Erosion – the process of moving the sediment from one location to another
Ex. Rivers and Streams, Wind, Glaciers, anything that carries the sediment

40. Destructive Weathering & Erosion Volcanoes
Creates : Canyons, Rivers, Lakes, Gorges
Volcanoes
Creates : Craters

41. Destructive

42. Destructive
Plate Tectonics
Creates : Trench
Destroys : Old rock

43. Destructive