2. SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. c. Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of North America with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the southeastern area. EQ: With what European countries and/or individuals did the Mississippian Culture come into contact with and how did this contact affect the Mississippian Culture?

3. REVIEW First Americans came from Asia Supposedly crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age Following a food source What food sources? Gradual migration

5. European movement

7. Motives for European Exploration 1.Crusades = by-pass other countries to get to Asia. 2.Renaissance = curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3.Reformation = missionaries 4.Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 5.Technological advances. 6.Fame and fortune.

8. A time of rebirth in Western Civilization “intellectual enlightenment”

9. New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps [Portulan] Sextant Mariner’s Compass

10. New Weapons Technology

11. A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492

12. Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY) Economic : Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD) Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD) The 3 motives reinforce each other Direct Causes = 3 G’s

13. NEW WORLD OLD WORLD

14. European explore EFFECTS Europeans reach and settle Americas Expanded knowledge of world geography Growth of trade, mercantilism and capitalism * Mercantilism meant that the new colony existed for the good of the mother country. Native American conflicts over land and impact of disease on their populations Introduction of the institution of slavery

15. European Colonization Big 3When the New World is discovered, the Big 3 three European countries start to compete for control of North America and the world:SpainFranceEngland European Colonization

17. Started in Caribbean, then Central and South America—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531) permanentFirst permanent colonies in what will become United States are founded by Spain –St. Augustine –St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to protect Spanish treasure fleets

18. explorers

20. Explorers Sailing For Spain Columbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies” - 1492 Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world - 1522

21. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World

22. Other Spanish Explorers Ponce De Leon - Established colony at Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida - 1508 Hernando de Soto - Explored Georgia, Florida and into the Carolina’s and west to the Mississippi River – 1540

23. Spanish Exploration  Columbus  Balboa  Cortes  Pizzaro  De Leon  De Soto  Coronado  Vespucci

24. Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer and settle the Americas for Spain.Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer and settle the Americas for Spain. Some of their methods were harsh and brutal especially to the Native American population.Some of their methods were harsh and brutal especially to the Native American population. With every Spanish explorer were conquistadors and members of the Catholic Church to convert Native Americans.With every Spanish explorer were conquistadors and members of the Catholic Church to convert Native Americans.

26. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers European Colonial Empire

27. Recognized Spain’s wealth and wanted to acquire land and wealth in the Americas as well. French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada –Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America –Develop a fur trade

28. King Louis XIV ► New Laws --> 1542 Believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by the Spanish. Indians could be educated and converted to Christianized. Believed Indian culture was advanced as European but in different ways.

29. Explorers Sailing For France Jacques CartierJacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535 Samuel de ChamplainSamuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia - 1608

32. Nation: Great Britain Who: the British/ Queen Elizabeth I When: 1588 Where: along Atlantic coastline (1 st : Jamestown, VA) Why: gold, raw materials for trade, wealth/power Results: gain superiority in war with Spanish, Native Americans enslaved, died, forced to move, built Ft. King George Nation: Spain Who: the Spanish/ King Phillip II When: 1540 (de Soto) 1568 (missions) Where: Ga. barrier islands, Florida Why: spread Catholicism, gold, trade, wealth/power Results: Loss of Armada & land in New World in war w/ British. Native Americans forced move or give in to Spanish rule. Nation: France Who: the French/King Louis XIV When: 1562 Where: Gulf coast/Alabama/S. Carolina/Florida/Canada Why: gold, trade, wealth/power Results : ran out of food/supplies, lose SC & FL to Spanish Nation: Native Americans Who: Mississippians Native Tradition When: original settlers Where: Southeastern US Why: land for hunting, growing crops, support growth of village Results: trade, tools & weapons help Native Americans but disease, war, enslavement also occurred.