1. Chapter 12 Section 1 Causes of WWI

2. Nationalism WordExplainExampleReview Nationalism Nationalistic Nationalistically Nationalist Yes-No-Why Loyalty to a nation even if it doesn’t exist as a country. Raphael is a nationalist because he always sings his country’s national anthem. Nationalism is bad because many people blindly follow their leaders.

3. The Balkans The Balkans- many ethnic groups were fighting for independence, conflict over who controlled each region

4. Territorial Rivalries – Both Austria-Hungary & Serbia claimed Bosnia

5. Militarism: – European leaders believed that conflicts would be settled on the battlefield Built up supply of weapons & large armies WordExplainExampleReview Militarism (n) Militaristic (adj) Militaristically (adv) Militarist (n) Yes-No-Why Building up large supplies of weapons and armies. Militarists in the government advocate increased spending for the armed forces. Militarism is necessary.

6. Alliance System Formed alliances with the promise of aid incase of attack

7. Short term causes:  1.Assassination of Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian-Hungary throne) by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip  2.Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia

8. 1914-After the dec of war, Germany supports Austria-Hungary & Russia supports Serbia  Allied Powers – Britain – France – Russia – Italy(1915)  Central Powers – Germany – Austria-Hungary – Ottoman Empire – Bulgaria

9. Over 30 countries were involved by the war’s end

10. Schlieffen Plan & the 1 st Battle of the Marne (Marne River France)  Germany would invade neutral Belgium & attack France, defeat France quickly & isolate Great Britain, then attack Russia  But…  Germany could not defeat Belgium as quickly as the expected b/c the allies sent troops to help Belgium

11.  Leaders thought there would be a quick victory but it turned into a stalemate

12. Yes-No-Why  The new technologies of the Great War caused the stalemate.

13. Trench Warfare: emerged on W. Front (btwn Ger & France)  Dug trenches- area btwn trenches was called “no man’s land”  Soldiers went over the top & charged across no man’s land toward the enemy  Rats, lice, disease claimed many lives  Flooded trenches, mud

14. Both sides planned major offensives in 1916 to end the stalemate  Germans attacked the French City Verdun – 21 hour artillery barrage – 1 million German troops killed/wounded – 200,000 French killed/wounded – Longest battle

15. Battle of the Somme  British wanted to exhaust Germany’s supplies – Summarize the outcome of the Battle of the Somme: (p. 359) 4 Months 1 million dead/wounded

16. New Weapons  Machine guns  Tank  Poisonous gas  Submarines  airplanes