1. Culture learning/ Teaching culture

2. Culture learning “Culture learning is the process of acquiring the culture-specific and culture-general knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for effective communication and interaction with individuals from other cultures. It is a dynamic, developmental, and on-going process which engages the learner cognitively, behaviourally, and affectively.” (Paige et al. 1999: 50)

4. Culture-general knowledge Example: Non-verbal behaviour (i.e., hand shake) Communication style Cultural values

5. Culture-specific knowledge Builds on culture general knowledge with deeper and subtler interpretations of cultural patterns within a specific culture. Example: In Canada, many people greet with a handshake (non-verbal behaviour). There is a generally accepted way to shake hands that is specific to the culture. - length of time - firmness of grip - eye contact - gender

6. Methodology for teaching/learning culture “the focus has recently been on developing methodologies for teaching culture in the language classroom in a way that develops comparison, reflection and integration of authentic intercultural experiences into the cultural identity of the learner. … They all have common features which can be seen as the basis for a methodology known as “intercultural language teaching”. (Clouet 2008: 156-7.)

7. Intercultural learning/teaching Methodologies common features: Cultural acquisition Cultural comparison Cultural exploration Negotiation of one’s own ‘third place’ between cultures.

8. What about learners’ native culture? Experience tells us that we cannot assume that students know their own culture. As a result, in order to learn about another culture, we need to learn about our own culture at the same time by comparing our own culture with the target culture.” (Clouet 2008: 156-7)

10. Intercultural learning/teaching Knowing about (getting information) Getting information teacher’s role: informant. Knowing how (developing behaviours) Skills teacher’s role” coach or model Knowing why (discovering explanations) Values and assumptions teacher’s role: co-researcher or guide. Knowing one’s self (personalizing knowledge) Self-awareness teacher’s role: counselor or guide.

11. Intercultural learning/teaching EXAMPLE Knowing about. Sports play an important role in American life. Activities: Cultural readings Films/video

12. Intercultural learning/teaching EXAMPLE Knowing how. Buying tickets at a sports event Acting and speaking like American sports fans. Activities: dialogs Role plays

13. Intercultural learning/teaching EXAMPLE Knowing why. Why are sports so important to Americans? Why do Americans have such sports rituals? How does this compare with your culture? Activities: Reflective writing. Discussion of previous activities.

14. Intercultural learning/teaching EXAMPLE Knowing one’s self. What importance to sports have in YOUR life? How did it feel to act like Americans at a football game? Would you choose to act like this? Activities: Feedback on previous activities Reflective writing/discussion

15. Materials (information sources) * Video * Fieldwork * Interviews * Guest speakers * Anecdotes * Souvenirs * Photographs * Surveys * Illustrations * Literature * CDs * TV * Newspapers * Readings * Internet * Stories * Students own information * Songs * Realia