1. Евдокимова И.И. Российский колледж традиционной культуры, 2011

2. The First Steps The First Steps Hollywood was established in 1912; The group of New York film producers decided to open a new studio in California. Why California? The climate was good, labour was cheap and there were lots of beautiful locations nearby; Hollywood soon attracted film actors and technicians from all over the USA.

3. The Silent Era The Silent Era While World War One was fought in Europe, these cinema pioneers made thousand of black and white films – comedies, tragedies, fantasies, romances and historical films; This period was called “silent” – there was no recorded sound; The actor’s dialogue appeared on card shown every 15 or 20 seconds; This was the era of Charlie Chaplin, Rudolf Valentino, Clara Bow, Douglas Fairbanks and Buster Keaton.

4. Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) was born in London; He went to Hollywood in 1910; Four years later he created the little tramp, whose bowled hat, cane and moustache soon became internationally famous; Charlie Chaplin was one of silent era’s most successful comics, writer and director; His best films are “The Tramp”(1917), “The Gold Rush”(1924),”City Lights”(1931), “Modern Times”(1936), “The Great Dictator”(1940); He left America in 1950s and spent his later years in Switzerland.

5. The Sound Revolution The Sound Revolution Recorded Sound ended the silent era in 1927. Actor Al Jonson both spoke and sang in the “Jazz Singer”; The effect on cinema goers was enormous ; The studious quickly made talking pictures and by 1930, audience were up from 50 million a week(1926) to 11 million a week; Only 31 years after the Lumeeres’ first film show, modern movies had arrived.

6. “Golden Age” “Golden Age” In 1932 Technicolor arrived. It made cinema more popular then ever; The next 20 years are often called Hollywood’s “Golden Age”; In 30 th and 40 th millions queued every week to see films produced by top studios; These included Paramount, RKO, Warner Brothers and Metro Coldwy Mayer. The studios had contracts with Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, Joan Crawford, Spencer Tracy, Gene Kelly.

7. Greta Garbo (1905-1990) Greta Garbo (1905-1990) The actress was born in Sweden, her real name was Greta Gustafson; Her Hollywood career began in 1925 Beautiful and mysterious, she became a wonderful star in 1930 th, usually in tragic, romantic roles; Her famous films are ‘Flesh And The Devil(1927), ‘Grand Hotel’(1932), ‘Anna Karenina’(1935), ‘Ninochka’(1939). She left Hollywood in 1942. Until her death she lived in New York.

8. Clark Gable (1901-1960) Clark Gable (1901-1960) Tough but also romantic, he was popular with both men and women; Clark Gable said once: ‘I was just a lucky shot from Ohio who happened to be in the right place at the right time’; His best films are ‘Red Dust’(1932), ‘It Happened One Night’(1934), ‘Gone with the Wind’(1939), ‘The Huckster’(1947), ‘The Misfits’(1961). Known as ‘the King of Hollywood’, Clark Gable was a top box-office star for over 30 years;

9. Сinema and TV Revolution Сinema and TV Revolution American TV revolution began in the years following World War Two; By the ’50s weekly audience had been cut in half to 50 million. Studio bosses tried to solve the problem; CINEMASCOPE. This technique made it possible to show films on a wider screen than ever before; 3D. To watch 3D or three-dimensional films, audience had to wear special glasses; CINERAMA. Three projectors were needed to show Cinerama films. Each one fills a third a huge curved screen; SMELL-O-VISION. This was an electric system which sent the smell of roses, gunsmoke, coffee and so on.

10. Marilyn Monroe (1926-1962) Marilyn Monroe (1926-1962) The actress’ real name was Norma Jean Baker. Her first film appeared in 1948. After that she made 28 more – usually cast as a dumb blond; Marilyn was a very talented actress. After her early and mysterious death in 1962 movie fans quickly turned her from the star to legend; Her best known films are ‘The Asphalt Jungle’(1950), ‘How To Marry a Millionaire’ (1953), ‘Some Like It Hot’(1959), ‘The Mistress’(1961).

11. Hollywood today Hollywood today These days cinema and television live side-by-side; Enormous ‘picture palaces’ with one screen are replaced by multi-screen cinemas; The old ‘studio’ system with groups of stars working for one company has disappeared; Modern films have three lives instead of one. First they appear in the cinema, then on video, and finally they are shown on TV.

12. Материалы из библиотеки Британского Совета. En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood Calend.ru/person/1369 Kinopoisk.ru/level/4/people/157 Ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Чаплин