1. Solubility
Noadswood Science, 2012

2. Wednesday, April 26, 2017
Solubility
To understand the terms soluble and insoluble and be able to represent the formation of different salts using word equations

3. Solubility
The solubility of a compound eliminates a lot of ionic compounds (e.g. oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are all insoluble in water)
Add a very small amount of the substance to some distilled water in a boiling tube and shake
Allow it to settle and record what the contents looks like
If it is transparent the substance is soluble
If it is cloudy the substance is slightly soluble
If there is no change the substance in insoluble

4. Solubility
For many chemical tests the substance needs to be in a solution…
Add a spatula of the sample + some distilled water into a boiling tube and shake
Repeat until no more sample can dissolve
Poor the solution through some filter paper to remove the excess solid

5. Acid + Base  Salt + Product X
Salt Production
How are salts made?
When an acid reacts with a base a neutralisation reaction occurs producing a salt (a base can be soluble or insoluble, and a soluble base is called an alkali)
Acid + Base  Salt + Product X
Product X depends on what base is used – it could be water, hydrogen or carbon dioxide + water…

6. Acid + Base  Salt + Product X
Salt Production
Acid + Base  Salt + Product X
Acid + Alkali  Salt + Water
Acid + Metal  Salt + Hydrogen
Acid + Metal Hydroxide  Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Oxide  Salt + Water
Acid + Carbonate  Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

7. Naming The name of the salt depends on the names of the reactants…
The first part of the salt’s name comes from the base
The second part of the salt’s name comes from the acid
E.g. sodium hydroxide base will give sodium…
E.g. sulfuric acid will give …sulfate
*Sodium hydroxide neutralising sulfuric acid produces sodium sulfate salt

8. Experiment
Your task is to mix hydrochloric acid with the different bases and work out the salt (and product x) you have produced…
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid + Potassium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid + Copper oxide
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium oxide
Hydrochloric acid + Ammonium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate

9. Experiment
Your task is to mix hydrochloric acid with the different bases and work out the salt you have produced…
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide  sodium chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + Potassium hydroxide  potassium chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + Copper oxide  copper chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium oxide  calcium chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + Ammonium hydroxide  ammonium chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium  magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate  calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water