1. Cornell Notes: Early Culture and Trade  Extended family  Daily life  Religion  Technology  Trade

2. Extended Family  Father, mother, children & close relatives live in one household  Age-sets- groups of same age men or women, like friends  Loyalty  Social groups

3. Daily Life  Value hard work  Men hunted and farmed  Women farmed, carried water, cared for children

4. Religion  Traditional beliefs- honoring unseen spirits of ancestors  Animism- belief that bodies of water, animals and trees have spirits  Shows importance of nature and family  Traditional means customary or time- honored

5. Technology  Discover iron for tool making  Nok used iron for farm tools and weapons  Iron lets people move onto new land, population grows

6. Trade  Began using camels to carry heavy loads through desert, expands trade  Take salt from Sahara south to trade for gold  Take gold and copper to the north to trade in Europe/Islamic World  Places where people gathered for trade become towns, like Timbuktu

7. Review Questions  What are the two groups to which a person in West Africa may have owed loyalty?

8. Review Questions  If a group of people follow a custom for a long time we may say that custom is a.Timely b.In an age-set c.Traditional d.Based on animism

9. Review Questions  What is the belief that natural objects have spirits called?

10. Review Questions  Life in early West Africa was changed by all of the following, except a.The use of camels in trade b.The discovery of how to make iron tools and weapons c.The development of trade with people to the north d.The damming of rivers to control flooding and allow farming

11. Review Questions  Name three goods West Africans supplied to Europe and the Islamic World.