1. EOC Review Week 1

2. Day 2

3. The Preamble  The Constitution begins with a one sentence introduction called the Preamble.  The Preamble explains the goals and purposes of the government.

4.  The Preamble starts with the phrase “We the People, of the United States”  It then lists six goals and purposes of the government:  1. form a more perfect union  2. establish justice (rule of law)  3. insure domestic tranquility (Peace IN the USA)  4. provide for the common defense (Military)  5. promote the general welfare  6. secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity (Protect their freedoms and the freedom of future generations)

5. Guiding Questions  1. The first goal stated in the preamble is the create a “more perfect union.” What was the Constitution replacing?  2. Why did the writers of the Constitution start with the phrase “We the people”?

6. Checks and Balances  When the government can only do what the people allow it to= limited government  In the U.S. the Constitution (a written agreement) is what limits the government.

7. Constitutional Gov.  Government based on written set of laws that citizens agree to.  The Constitution is the highest law of the land.  The Constitution limits the power of both the federal and state governments.  The Constitution separates power so that no one can have all of the power.

8.  The Framers created a federal government with three (3) branches (Separation of Powers)  Each branch has their own powers and responsibilities.  The Framers not only separated responsibilities among the branches, they gave the branches the ability to limit each others power (Checks and Balances)

10. Guiding Questions  Using the chart on slide 9, answer the following questions:  1. List one way the Executive Branch can check the Legislative Branch.  2. List one way the Judicial Branch can check the Legislative Branch.  3. List one way the Executive Branch can check the Judicial Branch.  4. List one way the Legislative Branch can check the Judicial Branch.

11. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists  Federalists: wanted a stronger national government, supported the ratification (approval) of the Constitution.  Anti-Federalists: did NOT support the Constitution because they felt that it failed to protect individual rights.  Because of them the Bill of Rights (the first 10 amendments) was added to the constitution

12. Rule of Law  This is when the law applies equally to everyone regardless of their position in society.  The Constitution, Bill of Rights, and 14 th Amendment ensure the rule of law.  They protect us from the government treating us unfairly.

13.  Rule of law is to protect us from the government.  The Founding Fathers did not want a government that abused its people…like England did to the colonies!  The 4 th, 6 th, 8 th, & 14 th amendments guarantee that citizens accused of crimes are protected from unfair administration of the law.

14. The Impact of Rule of Law  No one is above the law! No one!  Judges must follow procedure for every case. This ensures fair trials.  The law must be applied consistently. This prevents arbitrary judgments  Citizens must know what the law…so we know what we can and can’t do.

15. Sources and Types of Law  Historical Sources:  Code of Hammurabi- one of the first set of written laws. Created order in society.  Magna Carta- established a limited government where the rights of individuals were protected.

16.  Constitutional Law = the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.  The Supreme Court has the final say on its meaning.  Statutory Laws= written laws  Regulations=rules of an agency of the executive branch makes to enforce a law.  Case Law=precedents (law established by the outcome of former court cases)  Common Law=legal precedent based on customs and prior legal decisions

17. Types of Law  Civil Law=laws that don’t relate to a crime  Constitutional law=defines the relationship and powers of the Federal government, states, and citizens  Criminal Law=deals with crimes and their punishments  Juvenile Law=deals with the actions and well being of people under 18 (civil & criminal  Military Law=laws that apply only to the military.

18. Guiding Question  1a. Which type of law is used to help solve disputes between people or organizations?  1b.Why is this type of law used in this situation?