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Space Weather in Earth’s magnetosphere MODELS  DATA  TOOLS  SYSTEMS  SERVICES  INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS Space Weather Researc h Center Masha Kuznetsova.

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Presentation on theme: "Space Weather in Earth’s magnetosphere MODELS  DATA  TOOLS  SYSTEMS  SERVICES  INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS Space Weather Researc h Center Masha Kuznetsova."— Presentation transcript:

1 Space Weather in Earth’s magnetosphere MODELS  DATA  TOOLS  SYSTEMS  SERVICES  INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS Space Weather Researc h Center Masha Kuznetsova & CCMC/SWRC team http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov

2 Magnetic Field of the Earth The Earth's magnetic field is similar to that of a bar magnet. The magnitude varies over the surface of the Earth in the range 0.3 to 0.6 Gauss.

3 Earth’s Magnetic Field – Solar Wind Interaction (not to scale) Magnetosphere Earth Magnetopause Sub-solar point The solar wind pushes and stretches Earth’s magnetic field into comet-shaped region called the magnetosphere. The magnetosphere and Earth’s atmosphere protect us from the solar wind and other kinds of solar and cosmic radiation.

4 Earth’s Magnetic Field – Our Shield (not to scale) Magnetosphere Earth Magnetopause Sub-solar point The magnetosphere is the shield that protects the Earth from the solar plasma particles because they have difficulty in moving across the magnetic field lines.

5 The Scales of the Universe: http://htwins.net/scale2/ http://htwins.net/scale2/ The Scales of the Universe: http://htwins.net/scale2/ http://htwins.net/scale2/ Human scale: (an order of magnitude) 1 meter

6 The Scales of the Universe: http://htwins.net/scale2/ http://htwins.net/scale2/ The Scales of the Universe: http://htwins.net/scale2/ http://htwins.net/scale2/ Gigameter 10 9 m

7 Spatial Scales in Heliosphere Magnetosphere Earth 1 R E (Earth’s radius) = 6370 km 1 R S (Solar radius) ~ 110 R E 1 AU (Distance between the Sun and the Earth ) ~ 215 R S (not to scale)

8 Structure and Dynamics of Magnetosphere Depend on Conditions in Solar Solar Wind Dynamic pressure of solar wind Magnetic pressure Solar Wind  - density V - velocityy Typical magnetopause standoff distance is 10 – 12 R E Typical quite solar wind:  ncc V = 400 km/s B = 5 nT

9 Magnetosphere for Southward and Northward IMF Orientation Structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere is strongly depends on orientation of magnetic field in solar wind (Interplanetary Magnetic Field – IMF) with respect to the Earth’s dipole field

10 Solar Wind Monitor at Lagrangian Point – L1 L1 (Solar Wind Monitor ACE location): ~ 200 R E sunward You can fit 1 Sun between the Earth and L1. 2 R S (Solar diameter) ~ 220 R E A dvanced C omposition E xplorer

11 Solar Wind Parameters at ACE on 04/05/2010 nT km/s part/cm 3 Magnetic field B x, B y, B z Velocity Density X: Earth to Sun Z: South to North

12 Solar Wind Speed at ACE for 9 months

13 Magnetosphere in Global MHD Simulations http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ungroupe d/GM_IM/GM_main.php

14 Magnetosphere For Steady Solar Wind Conditions

15 Magnetosphere: Northward IMF X: Earth to Sun Z: South to North Z X

16 Magnetosphere: Southward IMF

17 Currents into Ionosphere & Polar Cap Northward IMFSouthward IMF

18 Magnetosphere: North to South Turning

19 meridional cut Y=0 equatorial cut Z=0 cross-tail cut X= -15 R E Magnetotail current sheet Magnetopause Magnetotai l Bow shock

20 Magnetosphere: Quiet vs. Compressed Geosynch. orbit R=6.6 Re Magnetopause

21 Magnetopause Stand-off Distance r0 <=6.6 Re – model product Events: Apr 5, 2010, Dec 28, 2010 Jan 6, 2011, 22:30 UT Non-event: Dec 1 – 7, 2010 Degree of compression of MP Due to Pdyn of solar wind (interplanetary shock or HSS)

22 Kp Geomagnetic activity index range from 0-9 disturbance levels of magnetic field on the ground - currents 1.Non-event - period of 12/01/2010 – 12/7/2010 2.Moderate event – April 5, 2010 3.Extreme event - Oct 29 – Oct 31, 2003 "planetarische Kennziffer" ( = planetary index). Threshold Kp>=6 http://bit.ly/Kp_layout

23 Watch the video Mysteries of the Sun : Magnetosphere http://missionscience.nasa.gov/sun/sunVideo_04magn etosphere.html

24 Inner Magnetosphere (up to ~ 10 RE) APL Plasmasphere Ring Current Van Allen Belts 1-10 eV 1-400 keV 400 keV – 6 MeV

25 Electron Total Flux. Energy 63.3 keV. Color Contour Earth radius Equatorial Plane Magnetopause Geosynch. Orbit

26 Ring Current: Quiet vs. Active

27 HSS and Radiation Belt Electron Flux Enhancement NASA/GSFC, internal use only :-)

28 iSWA Layout: 04/05/2010 http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov/IswaSystemWebApp/index.jsp?i_1=327&l_1=9&t_1=2130&w_ 1=1372&h_1=403&s_1=2010-04- 07%2000:00:00.0!3!&i_2=335&l_2=32&t_2=300&w_2=800&h_2=400&s_2=2010-04- 06%2022:30:00.0!3!&i_3=41&l_3=878&t_3=734&w_3=495&h_3=416&s_3=2010-04- 05%2010:00:00.0_0_10_3&i_4=51&l_4=858&t_4=1209&w_4=509&h_4=477&s_4=201 0-04- 05%2010:00:00.0_1_80_3&i_5=337&l_5=836&t_5=300&w_5=800&h_5=400&s_5=201 0-04- 07%2000:00:00.0!3!&i_6=323&l_6=8&t_6=2552&w_6=1370&h_6=390&s_6=2010-04- 07%2000:00:00.0!3!&i_7=325&l_7=6&t_7=1700&w_7=1380&h_7=408&s_7=2010-04- 07%2000:00:00.0!3!&i_8=125&l_8=390&t_8=2965&w_8=646&h_8=418&s_8=2010- 04- 06%2023:56:00.0_0_10_3&i_9=39&l_9=175&t_9=1226&w_9=493&h_9=409&s_9=201 0-04- 05%2010:00:00.0_0_10_3&i_10=43&l_10=33&t_10=722&w_10=792&h_10=468&s_10 =2010-04-05%2010:00:00.0_0_10_3

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