1. Neuroblastoma

2. Neuroblastoma is a disease which malignant cells form in nerve tissue of the adrenal gland,neck,chest or spinal cord
Often begins in the nerve tissue of the adrenal glands
Most often begins during early childhood,usuall younger than 5 years
Most common symptoms are caused by tumor pressing on near tissues and by spreading to the bone:
-lump in the abdomen, neck or chest
-bone pain

3. These stages are used for neuroblastoma:
-stage tumor is in only one area and can be removed during surgery completely
-stage can not be completely remove
-stage3
tumor has spread to near lymph nodes
-stage4
spreading to distal lymph nodes,skin,liver,bone marrow

4. Treatment of neuroblastoma is based on risk groups
the stages are one factor to determine the risk group
other factors are the age of child,tumor histology
Low-risk and intermediate-risk have good chance of being cured,but high risk may be diffucult to cure
Five types of standard treatment are used for neuroblastoma
-surgery
-radiation therapy
-chemotherapy
-biologic therapy
-watchful waiting

5. New types of treatment for neuroblastoma
Targeted therapy
High dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy with stem cell transplant

6. Monoclonal antibody therapy is one of the type of targeted tharepy
This type uses antibodies made in the laboratory from a single type of immune system cells
These antibodies can identify the substances on cancer cells and the antibodies attach to these substances and kill the cancer cells or block their growth or keep them from spreading
Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion

7. The other new treatment method is a way of giving high doses chemotherapy and radiotherapy and replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by the cancer treatment
Stem cells are removed from the blood or bone marrow of the patient or a donor and are frozen and stored
After chemotherapy and radiation are completed, the stored stem cells are thawed and given to the patient by infusion
These reinfused stem cells grow and restore the body`s blood cells

8. Thanks for your attention