1. DEGO (Median bulb) (Basal bulb)

2. A. Tylenchid B. Oxyuroid C. Mermis D. Trichurid E. Ascaris

3. Transverse Marking 1.Striae (e.g., sting nematode) 2.Annulation (e.g., lance nematode) 3.Segmentation (e.g., ring nematode) 4.Modification of transverse marking (e.g., root-knot nematode: perineal pattern cyst nematode: wall pattern)

4. Sting nematode :Striae Ring enamtode :Segmentation

5. Annulation Perineal pattern

6. Longitudinal marking 1.Longitudinal ridge and incisures 2. Alae - cuticular thickenings along body :Cervical alae (anteriorly) :Causal alae ( posteriorly) = Bursa 3. Aerolation -lateral line crossed by the striae

7. Longitudinal ridge Longitudinal incisure Cervical alae Causal alae Aerolation

8. Other cuticular marking 1. Cephalic papillae or setae :lip region, head sense organ 2. Amphids :Anteriorly located, paired laterally Various form(circular, spiral, cyathiform etc) 3. Phasmids :Posteriorly located, laterally located small pore like shaped * Bigger than phasmid – Scutella (plate like) 4. Spine, punctuation

9. Phasmids Scutella Punctuation Spine

10. Various shape of amphids

11. Outer labial papillae Amphids Inner labial papillaeILP Setae Dorsal Ventral Face view