1. Travelers beware of
CHOLERA

2. Cholera is caused by a member of the species Vibrio cholerae, which is a species of bacteria with many serotypes. The non-O1 and non-O139 serotypes have a natural reservoir in sea and coastal waters

4. For centuries, cholera has devastated many countries all over the world including several African countries, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico and parts of Asia. Cholera is life-threatening: 3-5 million people around the world are infected with cholera and 100, ,000 people die from the infectious disease.

5. Cholera is most times transmitted by a contaminated water source or rarely, may be from contaminated foods, especially raw shellfish.

6. Cholera is characterized by watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, which can lead to hypovolemic shock (low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membrane, cardiac arrhythmias due to loss of electrolytes, change in mental status, decreased urinary output), and if left untreated, can lead to death.

7. Goal of treatment is REHYDRATION:
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
Intravenous Fluids :
Lactated Ringers
Normal Saline
Oral or IV antibiotics may be necessary in the cases of severe cholera.

8. Tips for Travelers Frequent hand washing is important:
Before and after you eat
Before preparing foods
After using the bathroom
Buy and drink bottled water
Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before preparing
Avoid buying foods from roadside vendors

9. References
Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Global Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH). Retrieved from
Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Cholera – Vibrio cholerae infection. Retrieved from
City of Westminister (2015). Cholera and the Thames: Origins of Cholera. Retrieved from
Finkelstein, R.A. (n.d.). Chapter 24: Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, and Other Pathogenic Vibrios. Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Retrieved from
World Health Organization (2015). Areas affected by cholera epidemics. Retrieved from

10. Sources of Pictures
promo.jpg
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT18tgX2ydwPBiOAKMQ0Nr5XvA6yIs3YRDrPMTJwg4eCyi6ZQSU
pnyIe_3KpJkui8RR8IypCoWDYokYmbb-J
tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTaCKZDgbfBj9umHVBNkUqBOTXl86_VkCAcihP2OCrL9qOyN0vrFg

11. Directed by: sheryl doctor-mendoza
Grand Canyon University
HLT 555: Environmental Health
July 1, 2015