1. A Quest for the Holy Land
THE CRUSADES
A Quest for the Holy Land

2. Crusades Questions Essential Question: Inquiry Questions:
What happens when cultures collide?
Inquiry Questions:
What were the causes and effects of the Crusades?
Can the impact of the Crusades still be seen today?

3. Crusades
A long series of Wars between European Christians and Muslims Turks
They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died

4. Expansion of the Islamic Empire

5. Map – 1080

6. Map of the Crusades – 1096 C.E.

7. Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem
from the Byzantine
Empire
Muslims stopped
Christians from
Visiting Holy Land
Christian pilgrims
were attacked
Byzantine Empire
feared attack on
Constantinople

8. The Call to Arms The Byzantine Empire called on the church for help
Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks  to “reclaim the Holy Land” for the Christians
Jerusalem had been conquered by Arabs around 640 C.E.
Byzantine empire lost half its land to the Muslims by 1071

9. Who Answered the Call?
Feudal Lords
Knights
Peasants

10. Why would people be motivated to join the Crusades?

11. The First Crusade (1096-1099) Peasant army Knights Untrained
Lacked military equipment
Many killed by Muslim Turks
Knights
Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem
“People’s Crusade”
Left Europe in 1096, gathered in Constantinople in November  30,000-35,000 crusaders

12. Second Crusade ( )
After victory many Christians went back home
The Turks eventually took back much of the territory
King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks

13. Second Crusade ( )
Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians
He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

14. Third Crusade (1189-1192) Led by King Richard I
Won back many cities/territories from Saladin
Failed to capture Jerusalem  leads to the Fourth Crusade

15. Crusades Continue Through 1200’s
Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians
Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land
Crusades end around 1285

16. Results of the Crusades
I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade
I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military.
T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more
T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.

17. Crusades Conclusion Effects of the Crusades:
Increased dislike among Jews, Christians, and Muslims
Pope and lords lost power
Kings gained power
Trade with Asia and the Middle East reborn
Interest in exploration