1. Stratification What is social stratification? What are the different types of stratification? What is the Functionalist theory on stratification? Learning objective: All to be able to define the term stratification. All will be able to describe four different types of stratification.

2. Starter Work in pairs. For each person on the following slide decide: 1. Which of the individuals are likely to have power, wealth and prestige? 2. Why? 3. How could this impact their life chances? You have 5 min.

3. Gender: male Social class: middle- class Ethnicity: Ghanaian Age: 24 1

4. Gender: female Social class: upper middle-class Ethnicity: Scottish Age: 48 2

5. Gender: female Social class: under-class Ethnicity: Irish Age: 54 3

6. Gender: female Social class: middle-class Ethnicity: mixed heritage Age: 17 4

7. Gender: female Social class: retired (has some wealth) Ethnicity: Chinese Age: 98 5

8. Gender: male Social class: working-class Ethnicity: Pakistani Age: 12 6

9. Life chances Life chances refer to opportunities, advantages or disadvantages people may have which can affect how well they succeed in relation to their education, health, employment, income and housing. Life chances are not distributed equally because factors such as class, gender, age and ethnicity affect a person’s life chances. What would the Marxist and New Right say about life chances? LO – Define Social Stratification and Life chances (C) LO – (A)

10. Stratification If we think about people in terms of their wealth, power and prestige we are stratifying them – ranking them in order from the most to least powerful, rich and respected. Stratification is not equal for all, it depends on factors such as wealth, income, gender, age, ethnicity, etc.

11. Stratification Stratification refers to the division of individuals and groups in society into hierarchically ordered layers. A social hierarchy is shaped like a pyramid with the most privileged minority at the top, and the least privileged majority at the bottom. A person’s place in the hierarchy is determined by their: o Wealth o Income o Status o Power Wealthy, powerful and prestigious Have some wealth, power and prestige Poor, powerless, with no prestige.

12. Social Stratification Describes the way society is structured in a hierarchy of layers that are unequally ranked one above another. It is shaped like a pyramid and each layer is smaller but has more power, income and status than the one below it. Social stratification can influence your life chances. LO – Define Social Stratification and Life chances (C)

13. Task 1 Match the key concept with its definition. Some of the concepts you should be able to remember from Yr10, others will be new to you, but you should be able to work them out using logic. You have 10 minutes. Glue the worksheet into your book.

14. Ascribed statusThis means that a person’s status and position in society are decided at birth. Social mobilityThis refers to the division of a society into hierarchical layers with the richest and most powerful at the top. WealthThis is the movement of individuals from one layer in the social stratification system to another layer. StratificationThis means that a person can achieve their social position and status through effort. Achieved statusThis refers to the ownership of assets such as property, land and works of art as well as money in savings accounts. PowerThis is the honour and respect a person gets from other members of society based on their social position. StatusThis can be received in cash, e.g. wages, or in kind, e.g. use of a company car. Open systemThis is a type of stratification system within which social mobility is not possible. PrestigeThis relates to the ability of an individual or a group to get what they want. Closed systemThis is a type of stratification system within which social mobility is possible. IncomeThis refers to social standing or position that an individual holds.

15. Task 2 Types of stratification Work in pairs. Use the textbook, pages 280 – 281, and the hand-out complete the worksheet: Caste system Apartheid Feudalism Social class system You have 20 minutes Be prepared to share your findings with the class.

16. The caste system ApartheidFeudalismThe class system Describe the system. What is the system based on? Is a person’s social position ascribed or achieved? Why? Is the system open or closed? Why? Is social mobility possible? Why? Exists in India. People are stratified into 5 castes. Hindu belief in reincarnation. Birth. Occupation. Ascribed because a person is born into the stratification layer and stays there for the rest of the life, e.g. The untouchables. Closed as people can’t move from layer to the next. No, as people can’t move from layer to the next. Existed in South Africa, 1948-94. people are stratified based on their ethnicity. Ethnicity and racial segregation. Ascribed, black people were denied citizenship rights based on their skin colour. Closed as people can’t move from layer to the next. No, as people can’t chance their skin colour so they can’t move from the layer they are born into. Existed in Medieval Europe. Levels of stratification were called estates. Ownership of land. Ascribed, as membership of estates was determined at birth and those in higher estates had greater legal rights. Closed as people can’t move from layer to the next. No, as people can’t move from one estate to the next. Exists in modern industrialised countries. Social class, which is based on economic factors such as occupation and income. Achieved as a person’s class depends on their level of education and effort. Open as people can move from one class to another. Yes, as people can move from one class to another.

17. Task 3 Functionalist theory on stratification Work in pairs. Read page 284 in the textbook. Fill in the missing words on the worksheet and glue it into your book. You have 10 minutes.

18. Functionalist theory on stratification Functionalist theory argues that some positions are more important than others because they are vital for the continuation of society. However, not everyone in society has the talent or the ability to perform these more important roles. The people who do hold the more important positions in society need to be highly skilled and qualified in order to perform their roles well. Therefore, they are the most talented and able people in society. Moreover, it takes a long time to gain such qualifications and experience so these people make huge sacrifices, for example, studying hard to pass the exams. The most talented and able people will only be persuaded to make such sacrifices in they know they will be rewarded later on. Therefore, the more important positions have to be desirable, e.g. through high status, income, etc. Therefore, a system of inequality is necessary in society in order to make the most talented people work hard to earn the high rewards that come with performing the most important roles. If everyone was rewarded the same, there would be no need to work hard. Therefore, the system may be unequal, but it is fair. To sum up, Functionalists see our society as unequal, but this is necessary. They also see it as fair as it is open and social mobility is possible through natural ability and hard work.

19. Review Quick fire round questions Each of you must answer a question. If you don’t know the answer, you can phone a friend.

20. Review 1. What is meant by stratification? 2. What is the difference between power and prestige? 3. What is meant by an ascribed status? 4. What is meant by a closed system? 5. What was the stratification system that used to operate in South Africa called? 6. What is meant by an open system? 7. What was the stratification system of medieval Europe called? 8. What is meant by an achieved status? 9. What is meant by ‘meritocratic’? 10. According to Functionalists, why is inequality necessary in society?

21. Review continued... 11. Was the caste system an open or closed system? 12. What is the class system based on? 13. According to Functionalists, who should get the most rewards in life and why? 14. What is meant by wealth? 15. What is social mobility? 16. What is meant by downward social mobility? 17. What is power? 18. What stratification system operates in the UK today? 19. How can someone become downwardly socially mobile? 20. What is meant by upward social mobility?

22. Review continued... 21. According to Functionalists, is the class system fair and why? 22. What was the apartheid system based on? 23. What is meant by the term income? 24. How can someone become upwardly socially mobile?