1. Migration in the United States
and Canada

2. The movement of people within a country or region.
Migration!
The movement of people within a country or region.
For example, moving from Miami, Florida to Houston, Texas
MOVING

3. PUSH Factors
Act-it-out

4. PULL Factors
Act-it-out

5. Why do people migrate within a country?
PUSH FACTORS
Economic Recession
Economic Depression
Disasters
Crime
High Cost of Living
PULL FACTORS
Family
Economic Opportunity
Better Education
Safety
Low Cost of Living

6. Economic Push Factors
Recession – a period of decline in business activity.
Depression – a long period of decline in business activity with rising levels of unemployment.

7. Urbanization
Act-it-out

8. Urbanization
The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result (movement of people from rural areas to urban areas)

9. Why Did Urbanization Occur?
The Industrial Revolution transformed the United States from a rural, agricultural nation to an urban, industrial nation.
When big factories and lots of jobs became available in the city, many citizens migrated from rural areas to urban centers.

10. Urban to Suburban Migration
Act-it-out

11. Urban to Suburban Migration (Suburbanization)
What are the suburbs?
A political unit or community connected economically with, and surrounding, the central city
Example: Jersey Village, Sugarland, and Tomball are suburbs of Houston.

12. Urban to Suburban Migration
Beginning in the 1940’s large numbers of people began migrating from cities to surrounding suburbs.
What pull and push factors could be responsible for this migration?

13. Technology affects Migration
Irrigation
A/C
The invention of air conditioning in 1902 and the widespread use of irrigation opened up many hot and dry regions of the U.S. for increased migration and settlement.

14. Henry Ford and the Model T in 1921

15. Technology affects Migration
The invention of automobile mass production by Henry Ford made the U.S. and Canada more mobile. People could now live further away from work and began to move to the suburbs.
Increased mobility led to Urban Sprawl
Poorly planned development that spreads a city’s population over a wider and wider geographic area

16. What is missing in this image of Houston?

17. Urban Sprawl What’s the Problem? Cheap gas encourages Urban Sprawl
Many cities allow unrestricted growth which causes Urban Sprawl
Has negative impacts on infrastructure
Creates a separation of rich and poor
Increases air and water pollution
Must build more roads and other utilities

18. How does this aid Urban Sprawl?

19. What is missing in this image of Houston?

20. Urban Sprawl Can be solved through Smart Growth! Limit Growth
of city through
boundaries.
Sustainable
Communities,
where people
can live and work.
Urban Renewal
Restoring downtown
neighborhoods.

21. Urban to Rural Migration
Act-it-out

22. The newest migration pattern is…
Urban to Rural Migration
Technology (like the internet) allows people to work from home.
– This allows people to live anywhere they want.
People can now have a home office

23. Regional Differences

24. Political Differences
Act-it-out

25. Political Differences
Political Ideas – some people move based on political views.
Example – the NE is more liberal (Democrats), the south is more conservative (Republicans).

26. Tax Differences
Act-it-out

27. Tax Differences up to 10.5% Tax New York Texas 0% Tax 0% Tax
Taxes – Some states pay both the federal income tax and a state income tax while others do not.
Example – Texas has no state income tax, while New York City has a 10.5% combined State and Local income tax rate
up to 10.5% Tax
New York
Texas
0% Tax
0% Tax

28. Climate Differences
Act-it-out

29. Climate Differences Chicago Winter Miami Winter
Climate – Retiring citizens often move to Southern states for a warmer climate
Example – Moving from New York to Florida.
Chicago Winter
Miami Winter

30. Economic (JOB) Differences
Act-it-out

31. Economic Differences
Jobs – People will move where the best jobs are found
Example: People moving from Detroit, Michigan to Houston, Tx in search of jobs

32. Economic Differences
Cities in the Northeast (like Detroit) are losing jobs. While cities in the South (like Houston) are gaining jobs.
Moving away from Detroit...Moving to Houston
Detroit’s Economy
Unemployment = 29%
Household Income = $29,109
Pop. Change (since 2000) %
Houston’s Economy
Unemployment = 3.8%
Household Income = $40,285
Pop. Change (since 2000) +19%

33. Rust Belt vs. Sun Belt (Northeast) (South)
Old Industries
New Industries

34. So how do Regional Differences impact migration?
Northeast
& Midwest
South
South
People are moving from the Northeast & Midwest to the South

35. Detroit Population Changes over time
Detroit Population Change Website!
Current population (2008) is only 912,062
Detroit Video