1. Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

2. What is Science? Life, Earth and Physical Science Living things Earth and Space Matter and Energy Chemistry Physics

3. Steps to the Scientific Method Observation  a question Gather Info Hypothesis – a tentative answer Experiment – test the hypothesis Conclusion If doesn’t work

4. Variables and Constants Variable - Things that are changing Constants – Things that are NOT changing Control – A test that is left alone. Nothing is done in this test.

5. Conclusions Scientific law: describes how nature behaves. Normally is always true. Theory: explains why nature behaves in the way described by the law. Predicts results of further experiments.

6. Now… Let’s use this Method Observation  a question Gather Info Hypothesis – a tentative answer Experiment – test the hypothesis Conclusion

7. What’s in Frankenstein’s Head?? 1. Read the handout 2. Record your observations 3. Draw a diagram of your model 4. Have your final model approved 5. Answer final questions

8. Standards of Measurement Chapter 1 Section 2

9. Units and Standards Standard: an exact quantity used to compare measurements Keeps consistent measurements

10. Measurement Systems Measurement: NUMBER and UNIT SI Units (Systeme Internationale d’Unites) Agreed throughout the world Standards kept in France 7 base units

11. SI Base Units * * * *

12. Using SI Prefixes (attach prefix to a base unit) PrefixSymbolValue Kilo-k1000 bases = 1k Deci-d1 base = 10 d Centi-c1 base = 100 c Milli-m1 base = 1000 m

13. Practice with Units Put 1 with the bigger unit Kilo – bigger than base Deci, centi, milli – smaller than base ___ m = ___ km ___ s = ___ ms ___ g = ___ dg

14. Distance/Length Units Meter – little bigger than yard (3 feet) Kilometer – smaller than mile 1 mi = 1.6 km Centimeter – smaller than inch 1 in = 2.54 cm Millimeter – 10 mm = 1 cm

15. Volume Units Volume: amount of space occupied by object Liquids – liters (L) 1 L = 1000 mL Solids = cubed length units L x W x H  m x m x m = m 3 1 cm 3 = 1 mL

16. Mass Units Mass: amount of matter “stuff” gram – paperclip 1 kg = 2.2 lb

17. Time Units Years, days, hours, minutes, seconds…

18. Temperature Units Celsius: 0 o C Freezing water 100 o C Boiling water Kelvin: coldest possible temperature is 0K – absolute zero 0K = -273 o C K = o C + 273

19. Converting Units Convert to find equivalent in another unit 1. Identify what’s given 2. Identify conversion factor 3. Carry out conversion WITH UNITS!!

20. “A ratio of equivalent measurements.” Start with two things that are the same. 1 m = 100 cm Can divide by each side to come up with two ways of writing the number 1 Conversion factors

21. 100 cm1 m = 100 cm

22. 1 1 m = 100 cm Conversion factors

23. 1 1 m= 100 cm =1 m

24. Conversion factors 1 1 m= 100 cm = 1 m 1

25. Conversion Factors Unique way of writing the number 1. Does NOT change the VALUE, it changes the UNITS.

26. Write the conversion factors for the following kilograms to grams milliseconds to seconds

27. Let’s Try Some! 323 mm = _____ m 3.2 miles = _____ km 250 L = _____ mL 15 kg = _______ dg

28. Derived Units Def: a unit formed by combining other units Ex: m 3, m 2, mi/hr, etc.

29. Density Density = Mass Volume SI Unit? Normally use g/cm 3 Factor in buoyancy

30. Density If a metal block has a mass of 65.0 grams and a volume of 22 cubic centimeters, what is the density of the block?

31. Finding Volume Aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm 3. What volume of aluminum has a mass of 60 grams?

32. Finding Mass Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm 3. A block of gold has a volume of 18 cm 3, what is the mass?