1. Political Parties Emerge Chapter 9, Section 3

2. A Distrust of Political Parties When George Washington took office in 1789 there were no political parties. When George Washington took office in 1789 there were no political parties. Define fraction. Define fraction. What did many of these fractions do? What did many of these fractions do? Often Americans saw political parties as a threat to national unity; and they could lead to “jealousies and false alarms” Often Americans saw political parties as a threat to national unity; and they could lead to “jealousies and false alarms”

3. A Distrust of Political Parties Where had the fractions begin? With who? Where had the fractions begin? With who? Describe Alexander Hamilton. Describe Alexander Hamilton. Describe Thomas Jefferson. Describe Thomas Jefferson.

4. Differing Views Manufacturing or Farming AlexanderHamilton Alexander Hamilton Hamilton wanted the US to model itself on British. Hamilton wanted the US to model itself on British. He thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. He also favored the growth of cities and the merchant class. He thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. He also favored the growth of cities and the merchant class. Thomas Jefferson He thought farmers rather than merchants, were the backbone of the nation. He thought farmers rather than merchants, were the backbone of the nation. He feared the manufacturing economy would corrupt the US by concentrating power in the hands of a small group of wealthy Americans He feared the manufacturing economy would corrupt the US by concentrating power in the hands of a small group of wealthy Americans

5. Differing Views Federal or State Power AlexanderHamilton Alexander Hamilton Wanted the federal government to have greater power than state governments. Wanted the federal government to have greater power than state governments. A strong federal government was needed to increase commerce and would stop mob violence like the Whiskey Rebellion. A strong federal government was needed to increase commerce and would stop mob violence like the Whiskey Rebellion. Thomas Jefferson Wanted as small a federal government as possible, in order to protect individual freedoms. Wanted as small a federal government as possible, in order to protect individual freedoms. He feared that a strong federal government might take over powers that the Constitution gave to the states. He feared that a strong federal government might take over powers that the Constitution gave to the states.

6. Differing Views Strict or Loose Interpretation AlexanderHamilton Alexander Hamilton Did not agree with Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution. Did not agree with Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution. The Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper”- elastic clause. The Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper”- elastic clause. Argued the Bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills. Argued the Bank was necessary for the government to collect taxes and pay its bills. Thomas Jefferson He worried that a national bank would give too much power to wealthy investors who would help run it and to the government. He worried that a national bank would give too much power to wealthy investors who would help run it and to the government. Opposed the law setting up the bank- claimed it was unconstitutional. Opposed the law setting up the bank- claimed it was unconstitutional. Argued that any power specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states. Argued that any power specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states.

7. Differing Views Britain or France AlexanderHamilton Alexander Hamilton Wanted close ties with Britain, a major trading partner. Wanted close ties with Britain, a major trading partner. Thomas Jefferson Favored France, the first ally of the United States. Favored France, the first ally of the United States.

8. Development of Political Parties At first the disagreement was done in private, but once Congress began to pass many of Hamilton’s plans, Jefferson and Madison decided to organize supporters of their views. At first the disagreement was done in private, but once Congress began to pass many of Hamilton’s plans, Jefferson and Madison decided to organize supporters of their views. In 1791, they travelled to New York to “study wildlife”. Instead, their goal was to meet with politicians like Governor George Clinton and Aaron Burr- a fierce critic of Hamilton. In 1791, they travelled to New York to “study wildlife”. Instead, their goal was to meet with politicians like Governor George Clinton and Aaron Burr- a fierce critic of Hamilton. Jefferson requested their assistance to convince New Yorkers to vote to support Jefferson’s ideas. Jefferson requested their assistance to convince New Yorkers to vote to support Jefferson’s ideas.

9. Development of Political Parties Republicans and Federalists Soon the leaders of states began to divide. Soon the leaders of states began to divide. Supporters of Jefferson called themselves Democratic Republicans- Republicans for short. Supporters of Jefferson called themselves Democratic Republicans- Republicans for short. – Small farmers, artisans, and some wealthy planters. Supporters of Hamilton called themselves Federalists, because they wanted a strong federal government. Supporters of Hamilton called themselves Federalists, because they wanted a strong federal government. – Merchants and manufacturers in Boston and New York and some southern planters.

10. Development of Political Parties Newspapers Take Sides What was a European visitor surprised about? What was a European visitor surprised about? As rivalry grew newspapers began to take sides. As rivalry grew newspapers began to take sides. Who supported Hamilton? Who supported Hamilton? Who supported Jefferson? Who supported Jefferson? Newspapers had a great influence on public opinion. Newspapers had a great influence on public opinion.

11. Election of 1796 In 1796 Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for Vice President. In 1796 Republicans backed Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr for Vice President. Federalists supported John Adams for President and Thomas Pickney for Vice President. Federalists supported John Adams for President and Thomas Pickney for Vice President. Under the Constitution the person with the most electoral votes became President. The person with the second most votes became Vice President. Under the Constitution the person with the most electoral votes became President. The person with the second most votes became Vice President. John Adams, a Federalist, won office as President. John Adams, a Federalist, won office as President. Thomas Jefferson, Republican, became Vice President. Thomas Jefferson, Republican, became Vice President. Can you imagine having a President and Vice President from opposing parties? What do you think can go wrong? Can you imagine having a President and Vice President from opposing parties? What do you think can go wrong?