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Metadata (and cataloging?) Jenn Riley Metadata Librarian IU Digital Library Program.

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Presentation on theme: "Metadata (and cataloging?) Jenn Riley Metadata Librarian IU Digital Library Program."— Presentation transcript:

1 Metadata (and cataloging?) Jenn Riley Metadata Librarian IU Digital Library Program

2 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20052 Many definitions of metadata “Data about data” “Structured information about an information resource of any media type or format.” (Caplan) “Any data used to aid the identification, description and location of networked electronic resources.” (IFLA) …

3 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20053 More definition Other characteristics Structure Control Origin Machine-generated Human-generated In practice, the term often covers data and meta-metadata Used in many different environments

4 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20054 What is a metadata schema? A formally-defined set of data elements

5 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20055 Some uses of metadata By information specialists Describing non-traditional materials Cataloging Web sites Navigating digital objects Managing digital objects long-term Managing corporate assets By novices Preparing Web sites for search engines Describing Eprints Managing personal CD collections

6 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20056 Metadata and cataloging Depends on what you mean by: metadata, and cataloging! But, in general: Metadata is broader in scope than cataloging Much metadata creation takes place outside of libraries Good metadata practitioners use fundamental cataloging principles in non-MARC environments Metadata created for many different types of materials Metadata is NOT only for Internet resources!

7 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20057 Creating metadata HTML tags Spreadsheets Databases XML Library catalogs Digital library content management systems ContentDM Greenstone

8 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20058 Levels of control Data structure standards (e.g., MARC) Data content standards (e.g., AACR2r) Very few metadata standards include a counterpart to the AACR “chief source of information”

9 12/6/05 L520 Fall 20059 When there’s no data content standard…

10 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200510 Types of metadata Descriptive metadata Administrative metadata Technical metadata Preservation metadata Rights metadata Structural metadata

11 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200511 How metadata is used

12 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200512 Descriptive metadata Purpose Description Discovery Some common general schemas MARC MARCXML MODS Dublin Core LOTS of domain-specific schemas

13 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200513 Three similar descriptive metadata formats MARC [example]example MARCXML [example]example MODS [example]example Record format Binary (ISO 2709) XML Field labelsNumeric Text Reliance on AACR Strong Implied Common method of creation By specialistsBy derivation By specialists and by derivation

14 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200514 Dublin Core (1) 15-element set “Core” across all knowledge domains No element required All elements repeatable Extensible 1:1 principle

15 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200515 Dublin Core (2) Two “flavors” Unqualified Qualified Additional elements Element refinements Encoding schemes (vocabulary and syntax) All qualifiers must follow “dumb-down” principle Unqualified DC required for sharing metadata via the Open Archives InitiativeOpen Archives Initiative Sample record

16 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200516 Vocabulary encoding schemes TGM I TGM II TGN GeoNet AAT LCSH LCNAF DCMI Type MIME Types …etc.

17 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200517 Syntax encoding schemes ISO8601 W3CDTF URI AACR2r …etc.

18 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200518 Technical metadata One type of administrative metadata For recording technical aspects of digital objects Of use for long-term maintenance of data Some examples: NISO Z39.87: Data Dictionary – Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images & MIX NISO Z39.87: Data Dictionary – Technical Metadata for Digital Still ImagesMIX Schema for Technical Metadata for Text

19 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200519 Structural metadata For creating a logical structure between digital objects Multiple copies/versions of same item Multiple pages within item Multiple sizes of each page Meaningful groups of content METS is the current primary schema METS

20 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200520 Crosswalks (1) For transforming between metadata formats Usually refers to transforming between content standards rather than structure standards, but not always Mapping from more robust format to less robust format effective; mapping from simpler format to more robust format less so Good practice to create and store most robust metadata format possible, then create other views for specific needs

21 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200521 Crosswalks (2) Can be in many formats Logical sets of rules [example]example Actual code [example]example Cornell working on registry See: Kurth, Martin, David Ruddy and Nathan Rupp. (2004) “Repurposing MARC metadata: using digital project experience to develop a metadata management design.” Library Hi Tech 22/2 (2004): 153 - 165 Often need to tweak a generic crosswalk for a specific implementation

22 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200522 How do I pick a metadata format? Genre of materials being described Format of materials being described Nature of holding institution Robustness needed for the given materials and users What others in the community are doing Describing original vs. digitized item Relationships between records Plan for interoperability, including repeatability of elements More information on handouthandout

23 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200523 So why should I care? Because metadata issues are right now an essential part of librarianship Cataloging librarians – it’s increasingly becoming your job Reference librarians – metadata schema affect search strategies, and you’ll have patrons who want to know about metadata Collection development librarians – we’re increasingly purchasing data rather than physical objects, and this data needs to be managed Administrators – your staff are going to be increasingly interested in metadata issues, and they’ll need training Public librarians – you are very Internet-focused Corporate librarians– you often deal with non-MARC environments School librarians – integration of library materials into instructional environments

24 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200524 What does a metadata librarian do? Create metadata (including in MARC) Write procedures, policy, and templates for others creating metadata Develop long-term metadata strategy Write rules/code for mapping between metadata formats Collaborate with subject/format specialists Perform technical support for metadata creation tools Represent metadata issues on group projects/committees Learn more about everything Teach others about metadata Librarian stuff! Professional development, service, faculty governance …etc.!

25 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200525 Qualifications of a metadata librarian Experience with many different metadata standards Thorough knowledge of cataloging practice, including subject analysis Can use various XML technologies: XSLT, XPath, DTDs, XML Schema Likes to learn on the job Excellent communication skills Good at writing detailed documentation Experience with file formats for still images, audio, video, and other objects needing management Familiarity with one or more scripting/programming languages; Perl is useful Subject expertise where required

26 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200526 Continuing education Professional literature in many areas Digital libraries Cataloging Subject-specific Mailing lists in these same areas Conferences Digital Library Federation JCDL ALA (LITA, ALCTS) Talk to people!

27 12/6/05 L520 Fall 200527 Further information jenlrile@indiana.edu These presentation slides: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/presentations/slis/05fall/l520/l520.ppt Metadata librarians listserv: http://metadatalibrarians.monarchos.com Priscilla Caplan: Metadata Fundamentals for all Librarians, 2003


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