1. By Katelyn Chaimson and Sean Guyot
Parkinson’s Disease
By Katelyn Chaimson and Sean Guyot

2. Origin First described as “shaking palsy” by physician Galen in AD 175
Later named after London Dr. James Parkinson in 1817 after his study of the disease

3. What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Neurological Disease that affects neurons in the brain causing the body to tremble and movement to be impaired
Affects over 1,000,000 Americans today
One and a half times more likely to affect men
Commonly occurs after age 60 or older
Second most common neurodegenerative disorder
Affects every 13 in 100,000 people/60,000 new diagnosis per year

4. Types Adult-onset Parkinson's disease is most common
Early-onset Parkinson's disease (onset between years)
Juvenile-onset Parkinson's disease (onset before age 21) rarest

5. Causes No one cause Environmental Exposures
Nerve cells in substantia nigra become impaired or die
These cells produce dopamine which produces smooth physical movements
Genetic/Hereditary
Caused by mutations in the LRRK2, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1, or SNCA gene(familial)
Alterations to GBA and UCHL1 genes heighten risk of development

6. Symptoms Depression Dementia(memory loss) Tremors
Shaking that begins most often in the hands/fingers
Slowed Movement(bradykinesia)
Steps become shorter
Rigid Muscles
Muscles become stiff
Impaired Posture/Balance
Posture becomes slouched
Loss of Natural Movements
Decreased ability to perform unconscious movements
Abnormal Speech/Writing
Speech becomes slurred and writing becomes smaller/more difficult

7. Treatment No cure PT Levodopa MAO-B inhibitors
Treatments suppress harsher symptoms PT
Increase movement prevents arthritis
Levodopa
Best medication for PD patients
Combined with Carbidopa to reduce side-effects and form Sinemet
Increases dopamine
MAO-B inhibitors
Blocks enzyme that breaks down Levadopa

8. Prognosis Life expectancy is generally the same as general population
Both Chronic(persists over time) and Progressive(symptoms worsen over time)
Symptoms differ from person to person
Not directly fatal
Can cause Pneumonia or Fatal Falls

9. Research The Michael J. Fox Foundation For Parkinson’s Research
Fox Trial Finder-online database that PD patients can access to find out info on what studies they can be a part of
PPMI-Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative; clinical study to discover the biomarkers of PD
Parkinson’s Disease Foundation
founded in 1957, PDF has supported $100 million in research
goal of finding causes, advancing therapies and ending Parkinson's
Connection between ulcers and PD

10. Works Cited
“Disease and Conditions: Parkinson’s Disease.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Web. 10 May 2014.
“NINDS Parkinson’s Disease Information Page.” National Institute of Neurological Disorders And Stroke. NIH, 1 May Web. 10 May 2014.
“Parkinson’s Disease Prognosis.” The Michael J. Fox Foundation For Parkinson’s Research. The Michael J. Fox Foundation, Web. 9 May 2014.
“Parkinson’s Disease.” MedicineNet.com. MedicineNet Inc, 4 Dec Web. 10 May 2014.
“Understanding Parkinson’s.” Parkinson’s Disease Foundation. Parkinson’s Disease Foundation Inc, Web. 10 May 2014.