1. Ebola Virus Outbreak, 2014 Dr. Md. Shakeel Waez Asst. Professor (Medicine) Chittagong Medical College

2. Epidemiology

3. Ebola first appeared in 1976. 2 simultaneous outbreaks in Nzara, Sudan and in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name. Formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever. History

4.  The disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa  The countries which suffered frequent Ebola outbreaks includes Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Gabon, Ivory coast, Uganda.  The largest outbreak is the ongoing 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, which is affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria. Geographic distribution

6. Epidemiological determinants Ebola virus is a zoonotic Pathogen. Genus: Ebola virus Family: Filoviradae Order: Mononegavirates Fig. Ebola virus

7. Genus ebola virus comprises 5 distinct species:  Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)  Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)  Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)  Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)  Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV). BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and TAFV have not.

9. Host Factors Natural Hosts: Not known yet definitely. In Africa, fruit bats are considered most likely natural hosts for Ebola virus. As a result, the geographic distribution of Ebola viruses may overlap with the range of the fruit bats. Fig. Fruit bat

10. Animal to human transmission:  Saliva of fruit bats contains the virus  Land mammals and non human primates get infected by eating half eaten fruits  Human get infected when they come in close contact with infected animals Mode of Transmission

11. Human to human transmission:  Direct contact with blood, secretion, organs or other body fluids of infected people.  Indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids.  Health care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with EVD.

12. Mode of Transmission

14. Human to human transmission

15. YearCountryCasesDeath 1976Congo318280 1995Congo315254 2000Uganda425224 2003Congo143128 2007Congo & Uganda 413224 2012Congo5728 Major Ebola Outbreaks

16. CountryCasesDeath Guinea735415 Liberia1192672 Nigeria176 Sierraleone913410 Total27571504 2014 Outbreak (Updated 20/08/2014)