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5. Liberal Change Gov solves problems Protect social programs Protect environment Pro gun control Anti death penalty More prevention & rehab Pro-choice Pro gay rights Conservative Status quo Small government Individual responsibility Protect economy Anti gun control Pro death penalty More prisons Pro-life Oppose gay rights Change Status quo Gov solves problems Small government Individual responsibility Protect social programs Protect economy Protect environment Anti gun control Pro gun control Pro death penalty Anti death penalty Pro-lifePro-choice Oppose gay rights Pro gay rights Social – Where do they go?

6. Liberal Restrict econ. freedom Regulate capitalism Tax wealthy money to military Conservative More economic freedom Free enterprise Flat tax money to military Economic– Where do they go? More economic freedom Restrict econ. freedom Regulate capitalism Free enterprise Flat tax Tax wealthy money to military

7. HOW GROUPS VOTE 1996200020042008 DRDRDRDR National43.237.848.748.648.350.752.945.7 Sex Men4137435244554948 Women4638534551485643 Race White3941435541584355 Minor.77118798611927 Age 29-18403747 54456632 49-304237455346535642 50+4639534546544553 EducationHigher education tends to vote more Republican IncomeHigher income tends to vote more Republican

9. BELL RINGER 1.Based on what you know about political ideologies, write down what liberals and conservatives would likely think about the following headlines. Example!

10. 1

11. 2

12. 3

14. WHAT IS A PARTY? A political party is a group of persons who seek to control government by winning elections and holding office. The two major parties in American politics are the Republican and Democratic parties.

15. WHAT DO PARTIES DO? Nominate Candidates Recruit, choose, and present candidates for public office. Inform and Activate Supporters Campaign, define issues, and criticize other candidates.  Inform the people  Other groups that do this: news media and interest groups

16. WHAT DO PARTIES DO? Insure good performance Guarantee that their candidate is worthy of the office – Qualified and of “good character” Govern according to Party Members of government act according to their partisanship, or firm allegiance to a party.  Candidate elected = party elected Act as a Watchdog Parties that are out of power keep a close eye on the actions of the party in power for a blunder to use against them in the next election.

17. PARTY SYSTEMS Single-Party System One major political party holds power Two-Party Systems Two major political parties (what?! This is crazy!) Third parties may exist, but they hardly ever gain enough support to win elections. This is the least common system around the world. Multiparty Systems: Three or more political parties holding office No party gains control of the government, so parties must work together to get things done. C OUNTRY # P ARTIES IN O FFICE r Vietnam 1 United States 2 Australia 7 Denmark 11 Germany 5 Guatemala 11 Iceland 5 Israel 12 Turkey 4

19. WHY A TWO-PARTY SYSTEM? The Historical Basis. The nation started out with two-parties: the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Historical Basis. The nation started out with two-parties: the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Force of Tradition. America has a two-party system because it always has had one. The Force of Tradition. America has a two-party system because it always has had one.  Minor parties have never made a successful showing The Electoral System. Certain features of government, such as single-member districts, are designed to favor two major parties. The Electoral System. Certain features of government, such as single-member districts, are designed to favor two major parties. Ideological Consensus. Most Americans have a general agreement on fundamental matters. Ideological Consensus. Most Americans have a general agreement on fundamental matters.

20. PARTY MEMBERSHIP PATTERNS Factors that can influence party membership :

21. THE NATION’S FIRST PARTIES Federalists Led by Alexander Hamilton Represented wealthy and upper- class interests Favored strong executive leadership and liberal interpretation of the Constitution Anti-Federalists Led by Thomas Jefferson Represented the “common man” Favored Congress as the strongest arm of government and a strict interpretation of the Constitution

22. AMERICAN PARTIES: FOUR ERAS The Three Historical Eras The Era of the Democrats, 1800—1860  Democrats dominate all but two presidential elections.  The Whig Party emerges in 1834, but declines by the 1850s, electing only two Presidents.  The Republican Party is founded in 1854. The Era of the Republicans, 1860—1932  Republicans dominate all but four presidential elections.  The Civil War disables the Democratic Party for the remainder of the 1800s. The Return of the Democrats, 1932—1968  Democrats dominate all but two presidential elections.  Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt is elected President four times.

23. AMERICAN PARTIES: PARTIES TODAY The Start of a New Era: The Era of Divided Government Since 1968, neither Republicans nor Democrats have dominated the presidency and Congress has often been controlled by the opposing party. Republicans hold the presidency Congress is controlled by Republicans 2000 - 2004 Democrats hold the presidency Congress controlled by Republicans, 1994 to present 1992 - 2000 Republicans hold the presidency Senate controlled by Republicans 1980-1986, controlled by Democrats from 1986 to 1994 1980 - 1992 Democrats hold the presidency Congress is controlled by Democrats 1976–1980 Republicans hold the presidency Congress is controlled by Democrats 1968–1976

24. MINOR PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES Types of Minor Parties Ideological Parties: Based on a set of beliefs – comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters Ideological Parties: Based on a set of beliefs – comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters Ex. Libertarian, socialist, communist Ex. Libertarian, socialist, communist Single-issue Parties: concentrate on only one public policy matter Single-issue Parties: concentrate on only one public policy matter Right to Life, Free Soil, “Know Nothings” Right to Life, Free Soil, “Know Nothings” Economic Protest Parties: rooted in periods of economic discontent Economic Protest Parties: rooted in periods of economic discontent Greenback Party, Populist Party Greenback Party, Populist Party Splinter Party: parties that split away from one or other major parties Splinter Party: parties that split away from one or other major parties Bull Moose, Progressive, Dixiecrat Bull Moose, Progressive, Dixiecrat

25. WHY MINOR PARTIES ARE IMPORTANT: 1. “Spoiler Role” Candidates can pull decisive votes away from one of the major parties’ candidates Esp. if from splinter party: Parties that have split away from one of the major parties 2. Critic take stands/draw attention to controversial issues that the major parties ignore 3. Innovator draw attention to important issues and propose innovative solutions to problems If gain support often integrated into the platforms of the two major parties.

26. THE FUTURE OF MAJOR PARTIES Weakened connections to political parties: For voters : 1. Unwilling to label themselves as “Democrats” or “Republicans” 2. Split-ticket voting = voting for candidates of different parties for different offices at the same election For candidates: 1. Structural changes have increased conflict and disorganization within parties 2. Changes in the technology of campaigning (t.v./internet) have made candidates more independent of the party 3. The growth of single-issue organizations