1. Anthropogenic Effects and Conservation

2. The Human Problem Humans are causing the next great extinction wave in animals And they are doing so by drastically altering their environment.

3. The Human Problem And a lot of the current focus is on freshwater and marine environments – What we think of as normal in terrestrial systems is already actually a highly modified system

4. And this is true of oceans too The Human Problem

5. But these impacts are getting worse especially for ecosystem engineering species Seagrasses declining at a rate of 7% per year The Human Problem

6. Impacts to Ocean Environments Agriculture – Eutrophication and Chemical Residues

8. Industrial development and CO2 – Greenhouse effect and warming Changing species distributions Impacts to Ocean Environments

9. Industrial development and CO2 Impacts to Ocean Environments

10. Fishing Impacts to Ocean Environments

11. And alone many systems have redundancies that might help prevent ecosystem crashes Additive or Synergistic Impacts

12. But together, the impacts of these pressure overload the system and shift it to a “new normal” Nutrients

13. Behavioral Impacts Obviously our impacts affect the health and survival of animals – But how do they affect their behavior?

14. Eutrophication Behavioral Impacts

16. Pesticides W-water A-Acetone Control Numbers- concentration in mg/L of Carbaryl

18. Ocean Acidification

19. Over-fishing impacts Decline in predator body size affects the landscape of fear

20. Decline in body size affects the landscape of fear

23. Using Behavior for Conservation Assessing habitat preference – Selecting restoration sites or MPAs

24. Using Behavior for Conservation Assessing where human impacts are the least – Use Giving Up Densities Create Topographical Maps

25. Helping to Translocate animals Cormorants and the bay bridge Using Behavior For Conservation

26. Increasing Survival of Translocated animals – In social species, translocating family groups results in higher survival rates

27. Training hatchery reared animals – Hatchery trout trained to recognize predator odor (PO) by combining it with trout skin extract (TSE) Using Behavior For Conservation After 21 days

28. Using Behavior For Conservation