2. Ways to Conserve Water Take shorter showers Turn off the water while brushing your teeth Water your yard before 10 AM and after 6 PM Water twice a week according to your address Do not water during any form of precipitation Maintain sprinkler systems

3. Glossary DISD - Dallas Independent School District EEI (Environmental Education Initiative) - a K-12th grade school and community outreach program funded by the City of Dallas and administered by the Science Education Research Laboratory (SERL) at the University of North Texas. G.I.S. (Geographic Information Systems) – a tool used to visualize, question, analyze, interpret, and understand data to reveal relationships, patterns, and trends. ZCTA (Zip Code Tabulation Area) – an area established by the Census in order to collect and report data. ZCTAs are similar to Zip Codes.

4. Research Boundaries Zip Code Map ZCTA Map Established by the post office in 1970s to make addressing easier. Established by the census to help collect data.

5. City of Dallas Outline: ZCTA

6. Overview Summary of previous year 2012 Research plan Results Next steps

7. In the Field… Training G.I.S. Learning Experiences Wastewater/water treatment plants

8. Summary of Previous Year (2011) Reevaluated research areas based on three years of water usage data Built maps using G.I.S. software representing the research areas Presented results of water data comparisons

9. Research Purpose Overall Goal: Through this study, we aim to measure the effects of education on public behavior in relation to water consumption. Steps to Reach Our Goal: Attempt to define a research area. Which areas to conduct the intervention and why? Through our analyses this summer, we attempt to define two research areas establishing a control and an area to permeate with education.

10. Variables Irrigation Ordinance Marketing Price of Water Precipitation Temperature Income Number of housing units Population Geographic Location Education

11. Price of Water 2008 -.0014 per gallon 2009 -.0015 per gallon 2010 -.0015 per gallon 2011 -.0016 per gallon 2012 -.0017 per gallon Irrigation OrdinanceMarketing

12. Precipitation Website: water.weather.g ov /precip/downloa d.php Obtained from: National Weather Service

13. Target Research Areas

14. Precipitation & Target Research Area

15. Temperature Temperature is held as a constant due to its geographic location similarities. http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/tanal/temp_analyses.php

16. Variables Constants Irrigation Ordinance Marketing Price of Water Precipitation Temperature Income Number of housing units Population Geographic Location Education

17. Development of ZCTA Groups Criteria used for selection Presence of a public elementary school Number of K-5 students served by EEI from 2006-2012 Population in each ZCTA Three groups based on percent of population served Group A – 0% Group B – 0% < x < 2% Group C – ≥ 2% We are interested in comparing areas in which we have taught the most and the least

19. Statistics for Groups A, B, & C Population (Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA on Ranks) p= 0.004 Pairwise Multiple Comparison: Dunn’s Method B vs A - p<0.05 Housing Units (One Way ANOVA) p= 0.012 Pairwise Multiple Comparison: Tukey Test B vs A - p<0.05 ABC n111910 median15,94932,95021,894 ABC n111910 mean ± sd 7,678 ± 3,860.19 14,052 ± 6,411.74 9,536 ± 5,725.30 Groups A and C are not significantly different in regards to population and the number of housing units (p>0.05, ANOVA).

21. Variables Constants Income Number of housing units Population Geographic Location Education Irrigation Ordinance Marketing Price of Water Precipitation Temperature

22. Statistics for Groups A, B, & C contd. Median Household Income (Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA on Ranks) p= 0.007 Pairwise Multiple Comparison: Dunn’s Method A vs C - p<0.05 ABC n111910 Median$51,074$34,537$31,165 Groups A and C are significantly different in regards to the median household income (p<0.05, ANOVA).

23. Two Research Areas The statistical analysis revealed: Groups A and C are not different in regards to population and number of housing units Groups A and C are different in regards to income The statistical difference in regards to income showed us that there are two areas: Research Area 1 Research Area 2

25. Statistics for Research Area 1 and 2 Income: (t-test) p=0.459 Research Area 1 and Area 2 are not significantly different in regards to income (p>0.05), population (p>0.05), or housing units (p>0.05). Area 1Area 2 n33 mean ± sd$39,831 ± $8,741.04$35,475 ± $1,707.63

26. Variables Constants Income Geographic Location Education Marketing Irrigation Ordinance Price of Water Temperature Rainfall Number of housing units Population

27. ZCTA Quadrants

28. Plotted Research Areas

30. Research Areas with ZCTAs of Interests

31. Population (t-test) p= 0.291 Statistics for Research Areas 1 and 2 Housing Units (t-test) p= 0.335 Area 1Area 2 n44 Mean ± SD 20,281 ± 9,254.48 35,980 ± 25,485.97 Income (t-test) p= 0.330 Area 1Area 2 n44 Mean ± SD 6,835 ± 2,491.56 10,520 ± 6,568.27 Area 1Area 2 n44 Mean ± SD $32,402 ± $4,438.56 $28,096 ± $6,799.81 Research Areas 1 and 2 are not statistically different in regards to population, housing units, or income (p>0.05, t-test).

32. Variables Constants Geographic Location Education Marketing Irrigation Ordinance Price of Water Temperature Precipitation Number of housing units Population Income

33. City of Dallas Outline: ZCTA

34. Research Area with Schools

35. Research Area with Water Data

36. Research Area 1

37. Research Area 2

38. Overlapping

39. Research Area 2 > 2% of population served Results: Water Usage Research Area 1 < 2% of population served Area 2 n359,040 Mean ± SD (gallons per month) 7,115 ± 8,783.10 Area 1 n163,156 Mean ± SD (gallons per month) 7,204 ± 8,005.57 Average monthly water usage in research Areas 1 and 2 are statistically different (p<0.001, t-test). The average water use in Area 2 is significantly lower, by 89 gallons, than the average water use in Area 1. p=0.000471

40. Conclusion: Research Area 1 The average monthly water use in Area 1 is significantly higher, by 89 gallons, than Area 2 (p<0.05, t-test).

41. Future Plans EEI will infiltrate Area 1 with graduate, certified teachers in an attempt to measure the effects of water conservation education on the area’s public water consumption. Public Elementary Schools in Area 1 75224 – Russell, Carpenter, Henderson, and Jordan 75233 – Tolbert, Webster, and Moreno 75236 – Bilhartz (Duncanville ISD) 75237 - McNair

42. Thank You City of Dallas Water Utilities EEI UNT Team

43. What does this mean? Research Area 2 2.91% of the population served since 2006 Average monthly water use = 89 gallons less than Area 1 42,082 single family residential households 42,082 households X 89 gallons conserved per month 3,745,298 gallons conserved per month in Area 2 In one year, this would be a potential savings of 44,943,576 gallons of water for this entire area!