1. Egypt

3. THE NILE Agricultural NationAgricultural Nation Land ValuesLand Values TransportationTransportation

10. Mesopotamia Egypt Flooding irregular & destructiveFlooding irregular & destructive No natural borders against enemiesNo natural borders against enemies Flooding predictable & beneficialFlooding predictable & beneficial Natural borders of sea & desertNatural borders of sea & desert Rulers of different nationalitiesRulers of different nationalities Mostly a dynastic successionMostly a dynastic succession PessimisticPessimistic OptimisticOptimistic Gods cold & cruel & not to be trustedGods cold & cruel & not to be trusted Gods good & benevolentGods good & benevolent

11. Problems in Studying Egyptian Chronology Lack of a fixed system of reckoning yearsLack of a fixed system of reckoning years Lack of any objective Egyptian HistoriansLack of any objective Egyptian Historians Astronomical Dating MethodsAstronomical Dating Methods Translating the HieroglyphicsTranslating the Hieroglyphics

12. Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Dynasties 3-6 1 st Intermediate Period Dynasties 11-12 Dynasties 18-20 2 nd Intermediate Period 2686 – 21811991 - 17861587 - 1085 Pyramid era Era of the biblical patriarchs Era of Moses and the Exodus 3 rd Intermediate PeriodArchaic Period

13. LowerEgypt UpperEgypt RedCrown WhiteCrown

14. Narmer Pallet also known as Pharaoh Menes 3000 B.C. Unification of Egypt

15. Old Kingdom 2666 - 2161 B.C.

16. Mastaba

17. Step Pyramid of Djoser

21. Bent Pyramid of Snefru

23. Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)

36. Pyramids Served as tombs More than a hundred in Egypt All on the west bank of the Nile

37. First Intermediate Period 2181 - 1991 B.C. Entrance of BedouinsEntrance of Bedouins Advent of Pessimistic LiteratureAdvent of Pessimistic Literature

38. Middle Kingdom 1991 - 1786 B.C.

39. First Intermediate Period 2181 - 1991 B.C. Entrance of Bedouins

40. 11 th Dynasty

41. Goshen

42. Suspicions against Israelites ForeignersForeigners ShepherdsShepherds GoshenGoshen Religious differencesReligious differences

43. Amenemhet III Irrigation SystemIrrigation System Record height of NileRecord height of Nile

44. 2nd Intermediate Period 1786 - 1567 B.C. Heka Khasewt (“Chieftans of a foreign hill country”) Hyksos (“Rulers of Countries”) Semitic

45. Thebes Hyksos 18th Dynasty

48. Valley of the Kings

55. Thutmoses IAmes HatshepsutThutmoses II MerytreNefrure Isit Thutmoses IIIAmenhotep I Ahmoses

56. HATSHEPSUT

60. THUTMOSES III

63. 1450 - 1425 B.C.

64. Thutmoses IV 1425 - 1417 B.C.

65. HatshepsutThutmoses II MerytreNefrure Isit Thutmoses III Thutmoses IV(Older Brother) Amenhotep II Amenhotep III

66. Amarna

67. From the King of Jerusalem to Amenhotep III The Habiru are plundering all the lands of the king. If no troops come in this very year, then all the lands of the king are lost.

68. Amenhotep IV Akhenaton

69. Tutankhamum Boy-king – 9 years old Changed name from Tutankhaton to Tutankhamun Return to old religious system Lack of military strength

72. Howard Carter 19221922 Valley of the KingsValley of the Kings

76. Ark

77. Tabernacle containing the organs of the king

79. Ay Co-regent of TutankhaumCo-regent of Tutankhaum Tried to marry Ankhesenamun, widow of TutankhamunTried to marry Ankhesenamun, widow of Tutankhamun Letter to Suppiluliumas, king of the Hittites.Letter to Suppiluliumas, king of the Hittites. My husband, Nibkururia has recently died and I have no son. But your sons, they say, are many. If you will send me a son of yours, he shall become my husband.

80. Hittites Egypt

81. Horemheb 1348-1320 B.C.

82. 19 th Dynasty Rameses I Seti Rameses II

88. Hittites Egypt Kadesh Rameses II

89. Rameses II & the Hittites

95. Merneptah

96. Stele

97. Sea Peoples Rameses III

99. Solomon

100. Shishak