1. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
4.3 ANALYSING GROUP 1 ELEMENTS
BY, KUMARI

2. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
4.3 ANALYSING GROUP
1 ELEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 1
ELEMENTS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 1
SAFETY PRECAUTION IN HANDLING
GROUP 1 ELEMENTS
ACTIVITY

3. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
INTRODUCTION
TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
The elements in Group 1 are known as alkali metals.
Group 1 elements form compounds which are widely used in different field.
These elements include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium.
Some of uses of Group 1 elements:
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 : Soda lime glass
Lithium : Batteries
Potassium nitrate, KNO : Fertiliser
Lithium carbonate, Li2CO3 : Used to make tube in television

4. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
ALKALI METALS
ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT
Li ( Lithium)
2.1
Na ( Sodium)
2.8.1
K ( Potassium )
Rb ( Rubidium )
Cs ( Caesium )
Fr ( Francium )
Group 1 elements and the electron arrangements of their atoms

5. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Periodic table:
:Alkali metals (Group 1 elements)

6. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Lithium, sodium and potassium are metals but they have some unusual physical properties. Let find out these properties.
Group 1 element are soft metals with low densities and low melting points as compared to other metals such as iron and copper.
In addition, they have silvery and shiny surfaces. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity.

7. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Some of these physical properties, however, change gradually when going down Group 1. Let us study figure below. Li Na K
When going down the
group, the hardness,
melting point and
boiling point decrease.
When going down the
group, the atomic size increase.

8. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Lithium, sodium and potassium have similar chemical properties but differ in reactivity.
Alkali metals react vigorously with water to produce alkaline metal hydroxide solution and hydrogen gas, H2 . For example,
2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) LiOH(aq) H2(g)
Lithium Water Lithium Hydrogen
hydroxide gas

9. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Alkali metals burn in oxygen gas, O2 rapidly to produce white solid metal oxides. For example,
4Li(s) O2(g) Li2O(s)
Lithium Oxygen Lithium
gas oxide
The alkali metals burn more vigorously from lithium to potassium.
The solid metals oxides formed can dissolve in water to form alkaline metal hydroxide solution.
Li2O(s) H2O(l) LiOH
Lithium Water Lithium
oxide hydroxide

10. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Alkali metals burn in chlorine gas, Cl2 to form white solid metal chlorides. For example,
2Na(s) Cl2(g) NaCl(s)
Sodium Chlorine Sodium
gas chloride
Alkali metals burn in bromine gas, Br2 to form metal bromides. For example,
2K(s) Br2(g) KBr(s)
Potassium Bromine Potassium
gas bromide

11. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Lithium, sodium and potassium have similar chemical properties because alkali metals have one electron in their outermost occupied shells.
Each of them react by donating one electron from outermost occupied shells to form an ion with a charge of +1, thus achieving the stable electron arrangement of the atom of noble gas.
When going down Group 1, the single valence electron in the outermost occupied shells becomes further away from the nucleus.

12. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Hence, the attraction between nucleus and the valence electron becomes weaker.
Therefore, it is easier for the atom to donate the single valence electron to achieve the stable electron arrangement of the atom of noble gas.

13. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY PRECAUTION
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
All alkali metals are extremely reactive. Lithium, sodium and potassium must be stored in paraffin oil bottle.
Do not hold alkali metals with your bare hands. Use forceps to take them and remember to wear safety goggles and gloves.
When conducting experiments, make sure that only a small piece of alkali metal is used.

14. TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
ACTIVITY
TSP 3053 :KAEDAH MENGAJAR KIMIA (TUGASAN 1)
SAFETY
PRECAUTION
ACTIVITY
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION
ELECTRON
ARRANGEMENT
PHYSICAL
Get into groups of two. Discuss the answer of this questions :
Rubidium atom has an electron arrangement Describe the observation and write the chemical equation involved when rubidium react with
(a) Chlorine gas (b) Water 2
Potassium reacts more vigorously with water as compared to sodium. Explain.
( Proton number: Na=11, K=19 ) 1
Present your answer in the class.
EXIT

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