1. Poetry Notes Highlight numbers: 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17

2. Hyperbole A great exaggeration Examples: He has tons of money. Her brain is the size of a pea. My backpack weighs a thousand pounds. Her eyes were as wide as saucers. I waited in line for centuries.

3. Assonance (a, e, i, o, u) A repetition of vowel sounds anywhere in the words Examples: We will teach them to sing. Say, how much does the hay weigh? Tell them to get with no one else.

4. Consonance A repetition of consonant sounds anywhere in the words Examples: Laugh, fearless and with force! Go, with a star for your guide – but don’t giggle! Kittens, cuddly and hiding in the socks.

5. Idiom A phrase or saying meant to be taken figuratively, not literally Examples: A blessing in disguise. Barking up the wrong tree. A chip on your shoulder. Great minds think alike. Getting off on the wrong foot.

6. Allusion Referring to something else in your writing. Examples: “He’s a regular Derek Jeter.” – meaning the person is a great baseball player. “Max was no Scrooge, but he didn’t like spending money.” – meaning that Max is careful with his money.

7. Poignant Very moving and touching to the reader. A memory can be poignant. A poem, or an event in a novel, can be poignant.

8. Pathos The author persuades the reader by touching his/her feelings or emotions. The author will talk about a pathetic or sad character, or he/she will say something to make you feel sympathy for the character.

9. Ethos The author’s own character persuades the reader because he/she is respected, or by being an authority on a subject. We trust the author, just like we trust someone in authority: doctors, principals, police, etc. We know that the speaker does not wish us harm.