1. Sociology 8 Deviance—Behavior that violates a norm
Who decides what is deviant?
Answer: each society decides based on morals etc

2. Deviance
As a threat—unpredictable
Society needs norms
Why?
Stigma--

3. TYPES OF DEVIANCE POSITIVE NEGATIVE Over-conformity to norms
Rejection of norms
Idealize norms
Ignore norms
Unaware of norms
Ex: anorexia, Singapore & cleanliness
Ex: crime

4. Costs & Benefits of Deviance Functionalism--Durkheim
$ for police; social workers etc
Erodes trust
Costs of Deviance
Clarifies norms
Promotes social change;
Creates unity
Benefits of Deviance

5. Social Control- 2 types INTERNAL EXTERNAL -inside of individual -group
-learn thru socialization
-learn thru rewards & punishments
-internalize norms—”what to do”
-desire to be “good” people
-integrity; fear of punishment
-positive & negatives
“Shaming”
Example—shoplifting
Which type of control is more effective?

6. Hirschi Study 2001
Deviance depends on the bonds between society & individual
Social bonds:
1-attachment
2-commitment
3-involvement
4-belief
**Bonds control individual behavior
THE MORE BONDS YOU HAVE---THE MORE INTERNAL SOCIAL CONTROL YOU HAVE

7. FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE
Anomie—the strain people feel when they are blocked in their attempt to achieve societies goals
Strain Theory by Merton
Gap between goal and means of attaining the goal
Forces people to be deviant

8. 5 Possible steps to Deviance Merton
1-conformity
2-innovation
3-ritualism
4-retreatism
5-rebellion
**key criticism—just being “frustrated” doesn’t CAUSE deviance

9. Illegitimate Opportunity Theory
Cloward & Ohlin
Social classes have different styles of crimes
Illegitimate opportunities—
Opportunities for crimes—part of social life
Urban poor
Hustles—drug dealing, robbery, gambling, prostitution

10. Unequal treatment of minorities
Prison time
Death penalty
Reasons:
Lack $
Crimes against whites punished more
Victim discounting—
Don’t care about crime if it is done to someone of a lower status

11. White collar Crime
High status people do crimes usually as they do their jobs
Insider trading
Tax evasion
Embezzlement
Huge $ to economy
Usually treated better
Less jail time
“country club” prisons—ex-Governor Blagojevich

12. Symbolic Interaction Theories
1-Differential Association
Who you associate with makes you more deviant
Learned behavior-
Age of exposure to deviance makes a difference
“friends determine your behavior”

13. 2nd SI theory 2-Labeling “scarlet letter-A=adulteress”
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Label people as deviant—then they will do deviant things
Ex: Teen pregnancy
Who gets labeled???
SAINTS & ROUGHNECKS

14. Labeling continued . . . Sykes & Matza—people resist labels
Denial—of victim, injury, responsibility,
Appeal to loyalty
Condemnation--
Some groups like the label of “deviant”
Ex: motorcycle gangs, street gangs

15. Types of Deviance Primary Secondary Occasional breaking of norms
Life & identity centered around norm breaking
Juvenile record, but no adult record
Master status
Ex: teens or college age
Drink when not 21
Ex-gang members; career criminals

16. Conflict Theory Deviance 1-threatens status quo (or norm)
2-challenge beliefs
3-who makes rules???
Who decides on what is deviance?

17. Journal Agree/Disagree:
The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment and should be abolished in the US. Explain your view.