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AP Biology 2007-2008 Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life.

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Presentation on theme: "AP Biology 2007-2008 Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life."— Presentation transcript:

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2 AP Biology 2007-2008 Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life

3 AP Biology Why study Carbon?  All of life is built on carbon  Cells  ~72% H 2 O  ~25% carbon compounds  carbohydrates  lipids  proteins  nucleic acids  ~3% salts  Na, Cl, K…

4 AP Biology Chemistry of Life  Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds  C atoms are versatile building blocks  bonding properties  4 stable covalent bonds HH C H H

5 AP Biology Complex molecules assembled like TinkerToys

6 AP Biology 2007-2008 Macromolecules Building Blocks of Life

7 AP Biology Macromolecules  Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules  macromolecules  4 major classes of macromolecules:  carbohydrates  lipids  proteins  nucleic acids

8 AP Biology H2OH2O HO H HH Polymers  Long molecules built by linking repeating building blocks in a chain  monomers  building blocks  repeated small units  covalent bonds Dehydration synthesis

9 AP Biology H2OH2O HO H HH How to build a polymer  Synthesis  joins monomers by “taking” H 2 O out  one monomer donates OH –  other monomer donates H +  together these form H 2 O  requires energy & enzymes enzyme Dehydration synthesis Condensation reaction You gotta be open to “bonding!

10 AP Biology H2OH2O HOH H H How to break down a polymer  Digestion  use H 2 O to breakdown polymers  reverse of dehydration synthesis  cleave off one monomer at a time  H 2 O is split into H + and OH –  H + & OH – attach to ends  requires enzymes  releases energy Breaking up is hard to do! Hydrolysis Digestion enzyme

11 AP Biology 2007-2008 Any Questions??


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