1. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS BY JUDY

2. What are the properties of acids and bases Corrosive (burns your skin) Sour taste (lemons, vinegar) Contains hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water Turns blue litmus paper to a red color Reacts with bases to form salt and water Reacts with metals to form from hydrogen gas Reacts with carbonates to form carbon dioxide, water and a salt.

3. How did Arrhenius define an acid and a base An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of H1+ ions present. An Arrhenius base is a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of OH1- ions present.

4. How did Lewis define an acid and a base A Lewis acid is defined to be any speices that accepts lone pair electrons. The H+ is a Lewis acid since it can accept a lone pair while OH- and NH3 are Lewis bases both of which donate a lone pair.

5. How are the hydrogen ion and the hydroxide ion related in an aqueous solution If you refer to the figure ions in solution electrolytes, you will see that pure water does conduct some electrical current, albeit much less than-even the weak electrolytes. This is because water its self is a very weak electrolyte. It ionizes to hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to an extremely small extent.

6. How is the hydrogen-ion concentration used to classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic When the pH is below 7 the solution is acidic. When the pH is 7 the solution is neutral When the Ph is above 7 the solution is basic.

7. What is the most important characteristic of an acid-base indicator ? *Such substance like phenolphthalein which is colorless in an acid solution but becomes pink or red in a basic solution are called acid=base indicators. *Chemical indicators are acid-base conjugate pairs whose acid form and base form are different colors. *They are often employed for determination of the pH of solutions.

8. What are the products of the reaction of an acid with a base ? When an acid and a base are placed together they react to neutralize the acid and base properties, producing a salt.

9. What is the endpoint of a titration? Titration is a procedure used in chemistry in order to determine the morality of an acid or a base. A chemical reaction is set up between a known volume of a solution of unknown concentration and a known volume of a solution with a known concentration.

10. When is the solution of a salt acidic or basic ? The bystander ions in an acid-base reaction form a salt solution. Most neutral salts consist of cautions and anions listed in the table on the right. These ions have little tendency to react with water. The salt consisting of these ions are neutral salts. For example: NaC1, KNO3, CaBr2,CsC1O4.

11. What are the components of a buffer? Water is determinant to interactions of biological in H+ and OH- ions the interfering with ions and charged bimolecular.

12. Web sites www.qldscienceteachers.tripod.com www.facultyfp.sailsbury.edu/dfrieck/htdocs /212/rev/acidbase/arrhenius.htmwww.facultyfp.sailsbury.edu/dfrieck/htdocs /212/rev/acidbase/arrhenius.htm www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/honors.c hem/lectures/lecture_21/node4.htmlwww.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/honors.c hem/lectures/lecture_21/node4.html www.hyperphysics.com