1. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West The Court of Emperor Justinian, Mosaic from Ravenna, Italy, 540s

2. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565)

3. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia

4. The Great Church of Hagia Sophia, in present-day Istanbul, Turkey

5. Interior of Hagia Sophia (Notice the play of light created by the placement of 42 windows at the base of the enormous dome!)

7. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest

9. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies

10. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism

11. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/Miaphysites)

12. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia

13. Coin of King Ezana I of Ethiopia (Axum), 330s First ruler to mint coins with symbol of cross (even before Constantine)

14. Map of Nubia: Modern-day southern Egypt and Northern Sudan

15. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) …

16. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy

17. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy

18. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy 2. Rome vs. Constantinople on Church Authority

19. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy 2. Rome vs. Constantinople on Church Authority 3. Political Factors

20. “There are two powers, august Emperor, by which this world is ruled from the beginning: the consecrated authority of the bishops, and the royal power...Besides, most gracious son, you are aware that although you in your office are ruler of the human race, nevertheless you devoutly bow your head before those who are leaders in things divine and look to them for the means of your salvation.” - Pope Gelasius I, end of fifth century

21. Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian (527-565) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: Monophysites & the Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy 2. Rome vs. Constantinople on Church Authority 3. Political Factors