1. REVIEW PREHISTORY AND ANCIENT RIVER VALLEY SYSTEMS

2. GEOGRAPHY  The term Big Geography draws attention to the global nature of world history.  Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated.  Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings

3. PALEOLITHIC  Socially Paleolithic groups were:  Humans also developed varied and sophisticated technologies.  Religiously Paleolithic bands were:  Economic structures focused

4. NEOLITHIC AGE  In response to warming climates at the end of the last Ice Age, from about 10,000 years ago:  Settled agriculture appeared  The switch to agriculture created:  Agriculturalists had a massive impact on the environment through:  Populations increased; family groups gave way to  Patriarchy and forced labor systems  Elites concentrated power over

5. NEOLITHIC AGE  The Neolithic Revolution led to the development of new and more complex economic and social systems.  Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands  Agriculture emerged at different times in  Pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable  Surpluses of food and other goods led to  Technological innovations led to improvements in  In both pastoralist and agrarian societies, elite groups

6. PASTORALISM  Pastoralism emerged  Pastoral peoples domesticated  Pastoralists tended to be more socially  Because pastoralists were mobile, they  The pastoralists’ mobility allowed them to become an important conduit for

7. ANCIENT PERIOD  From about 5,000 years ago,  The term civilization is normally used to designate  While there were many differences between civilizations, they also shared important features.  As populations grew, competition for surplus resources  The accumulation of wealth in settled communities spurred

8. ANCIENT POLITICAL SYSTEMS  Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and environmental settings where agriculture flourished.  The first states emerged within core civilizations.  Early states were often led by a ruler whose source of power was believed to be  Early regions of state expansion or empire building  Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of new

9. ANCIENT CULTURES  Culture played a significant role in unifying states through…  Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban planning  Elites, both political and religious, promoted  Systems of record keeping  Literature was also a reflection of culture  New religious beliefs developed in this period continued to have strong influences in later periods.  Trade expanded throughout this period  Social and gender hierarchies

10. ESSAYS

11. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS  Compare and contrast any two of these cultures:  The Neolithic Revolutions  Early civilization  Pastoral nomadism  Shifting agriculture  Compare societies and cultures that include cities with pastoral and nomadic societies.

12. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS  Compare major religions and philosophical systems including similarities in cementing a social hierarchy, e.g. Hinduism contrasted with Confucianism.  Compare the role of women in different belief - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Confucianism  Compare and contrast the rise, development and spread of Buddhism and early Christianity.

13. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS  Compare the caste system to other systems of social inequality devised by ancient and Classical civilizations, including slavery

14. COMPARISONS AND SNAPSHOTS  Compare the political and social structures of two early civilizations using any two of the following:  Mesopotamia (Sumer through Persia)  Egypt (Old Kingdom through New Empire)  Indus Valley (Harappan to Aryan)  Shang Dynasty  Mesoamerica (Olmecs, Mayans, Toltecs)  Andean South America (Moche, Chan Chan)