1. Newspapers Became the dominant Mass Media for more than a century The first medium where mass ownership led to powerful media that could affect national policy Gave people something to put on the bottom of their bird cages

2. Ben Day – Published the first successful Penny Press Newspaper-1833. Also was the first to use lithograph prints to run illustrations in his paper. He first used a print by Nathaniel Currier (later famous as part of Currier and Ives Co.). Lowered price of the New York Sun-- to …guess what price? Circulation rose quickly - to 30,000 Newspapers become MASS MEDIA KINGS

3. New York Sun Targeted factory workers 1 cent instead of 6 cents Featured stories about crime, violence, murders, fires, executions and other sensational subjects Hired newsboys to sell the paper on the streets

4. How The New York Sun Changed Newspapers Large audience (10,000 by end of first year) made it attractive to advertisers Advertising revenue made the Sun independent Until now newspapers owed allegiance to mercantile class or political parties

5. James Gordon Bennett 1795-1892 Published The New York Herald -- 1835. Used sensationalism – published stories featuring crime, lurid disasters along with national and international news. Politically independent. http://elections.harpweek.com/2biographies/bio-1860- Full.asp?UniqueID=2&Year=1860

6. Henry Jarvis Raymond— The New York Times. 1851 “I won’t publish a paper that won’t soil the breakfast linen” Features: Strong International Coverage – hires foreign correspondents. (Modeled after London Times). Targets more sophisticated reader

7. Horace Greeley 1811-1872 Established New York Tribune 1841 Contributions Anti-slavery activist Refined use of editorial Social reformer Famous quote: “Go West young man”