1. Modeling Pressure Volume and Temperature of Gases Summary Table Review

2. Combining Liquids

3. Diffusion of Particles In this demo, we dropped food coloring into glasses of hot water and cold water. We observed that the dye spread out in the water and eventually was evenly spaced in the entire volume of water (aka “diffusion”) We noticed that the rate of diffusion corresponded with the temperature of water.

4. Candle in Jar In this lab, we measured the mass of the system before the candle was lit and after the candle burned out. We observed that the mass of the closed system didn’t change. We can explain these observation using our understanding that in a closed system, mass is conserved, because no particles can leave the system.

5. Sand, Water, & Air In this lab, we measured the mass and volume of the system before and after compressing the plunger We observed that the solid and liquid materials did not compress, while the gas did compress. Particles in liquids and solids are always in contact with the surrounding particles, there is no space between particles in liquids and solids and there is space between particles in gases.

6. Imploding Tanker In this video, we observed a tanker filled with hot steam implode after sitting outside on a cold day. We considered many ways of explaining these observations using what we know about particles and their motion. By the end of this unit, we used evidence to decide on the best particle model. Discuss: – Which particle models were ruled out and why? – Which particle model did we keep and why?

7. Build a Thermometer In this lab, we heated up water in flasks a test tube that had glass pipettes attached through the stopper. We observed that the level of the liquid increased as the temperature of the water increased. We explained our observations through our understanding of temperature as a measurement of the average kinetic energy of particles.

8. Pressure and Volume Lab In this lab, we put a marshmallow in a syringe and changed the volume inside of the syringe by pulling or pushing on the plunger. At each volume, we measured the pressure using the mini computers. We observed that as the volume increased the pressure decreased. We explained our observations through our understanding that when the same number of particles are in a smaller space, they hit the sides of the container more frequently, which results in a pressure increase.

9. Pressure and Temperature Lab In this lab, we heated up air in a flask by immersing it in a water bath. We measured how the pressure of the gas changed as we increased the temperature of the water bath. We observed that the longer we left the flask of air in the hot water, the higher the pressure became. We explained our observations through our understanding of temperature as a measurement of the average kinetic energy of particles in a closed container.

10. PVT PhET Simulation In this computer model, we pumped gas particles into a box. We observed that: – Adding heat increased the pressure in the box. – Decreasing the size of the box increased the pressure in the box. – Adding more particles increased the pressure of the box We explained our observations through our understanding that: – When the average temperature of particles is increased, particles hit the sides of the container they are in more frequently, which results in a pressure increase. – When particles are in a smaller space, they hit the sides of the container more frequently,, which results in a pressure increase. – When the number of particles in a closed container is increased, there are more particles hitting the sides of a container, which results in a pressure increase.