2. Cell Respiration From Glucose  ATP

3. ATP vs. ADP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine diphosphate

4. Anaerobic Respiration Conversion of C 6 H 12 O 6 to ATP without the use of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation (i.e. yeast) Glucose 2 ATP, Alcohol & CO 2 Lactic acid fermentation (i.e. mammals) Glucose 2 ATP & lactic acid

5. Four steps of Aerobic Cell Respiration (uses O 2 ) 1.Glycolysis 2.Kreb’s Cycle 3.Electron Transport Chain 4.Chemiosmosis

6. Step #1 Glycolysis (splitting of glucose) OVERVIEW: Glucose is split into two molecules (3C ea.) LOCATION: cytoplasm ATP: 2 ENERGY CARRIERS: 4 NADH BYPRODUCTS: None

7. Step #2 Kreb’s Cycle OVERVIEW: Series of reactions “fueling” the production of energy carriers and ATP. LOCATION: Mitochondria ATP: 2 ENERGY CARRIERS: 6 NADH & 2 FADH 2 BYPRODUCTS: CO 2

8. Step #3 Electron Transport Chain OVERVIEW: –12 Energy carriers (10 NADH & 2 FADH 2 “spark” a series of energy releasing reactions. –Energy released is used to “pump” H + ions across the membrane (active transport to create a concentration gradient) LOCATION: Inner membrane of Mitochondria ATP: 0 ENERGY CARRIERS: Trigger a chain of reactions BYPRODUCTS: H 2 O

9. Step #4 Chemiosmosis OVERVIEW:  H+ ions move with the gradient back across the inner membrane.  Movement of H+ ions “fuels” the creation of ATP from ADP LOCATION: Inner membrane of Mitochondria (@ ATP SYNTHASE) ATP: Up to 32 ENERGY CARRIERS: Not involved

10. High H+ Ion concentration Low H+ Ion concentration Inner membrane Outer membrane H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ATP Synthase Electron Transport Chain Energy Carrier Molecules start chain here Reax ATP