1. Respiration Notes

2. I. Overview A. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts B. Respiration takes place in the mitochondria

3. Light Energy Stored Chemical Energy (Glucose) Chloroplasts

4. Mitochondria Useable Chemical Energy or ATP Used in cellular activities (ex. Movement)

5. II. Cellular Respiration A. In mitochondria B. Converts energy in glucose to usable ATP

6. C. ATP releases energy when a phosphate breaks off. A-P-P = ADP (adenosine diphosphate) P

7. D. A catabolic reaction that releases energy is called an exergonic rxn. 1. ATP  ADP + P + Energy 2. cellular respiration 3. fermentation

8. E. A reaction that requires (or absorbs) energy is called an endergonic rxn. 1. Energy + ADP + P  ATP

9. F. 2 types of respiration 1. AEROBIC- requires oxygen, Net yield of 36 ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + 38 ATP

10. 2. ANAEROBIC- without oxygen; also known as FERMENTATION; net yield of 2 ATP; a. Lactic Acid Fermentation; ex. Muscles after exercise C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  Lactic Acid + 2 ATP

11. b. Alcoholic Fermentation; ex. Making bread and alcohol C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  Alcohol + 2 ATP

12. G. Respiration in D ETAIL: 1. Steps: a. Glycolysis- glucose is split apart, net 2 ATP produced, 4 ATP total

13. 1) Glucose (6C) split to 2 3C molecules, pyruvic acid (p.238, 113, 209) 2) Anaerobic process 3) Electron carrier: NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide a) Forms NADH when carrying electron

14. 4) pyruvic acid loses CO 2 and combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. (p. 238, 210) a) NADH and H +

15. b. Citric Acid Cycle- (Krebs Cycle), net 2 ATP, CO 2 is released (p. 239)

16. 1) for one glucose = 2 ATP, 4 electron carriers used, NAD + and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), 6 NADH + H + & 2 FADH 2 a) 2 turns of cycle for glucose

17. c. Electron Transport Chain- electrons are “passed down” a series of steps, releasing energy. Oxygen is required to “accept” the last electrons. 1) 32 ATP produced, H 2 0 is produced.

18. 2) Very similar to ETC in photosynthesis

19. Cellular Respiration Flowchart: Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) + Oxygen (O 2 ) Glycolysis 4 total/ 2 net

20. Krebs Cycle 2 total Electron Transport Chain 32 total

21. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 0) Total: 38 ATP Net: 36 ATP

22. Draw table 9.2 on p. 243